Verb

Imagine a world without action—no movement, no speech, no thoughts. It would be lifeless. Verbs are the heartbeat of a language; they bring words to life by expressing actions, states, and occurrences. Whether you’re running in a race, thinking about the future, or being happy, verbs make communication possible.

In English, verbs change their forms to indicate time (tense), aspect, and voice. Mastering these verb forms is crucial for fluency. They are categorised into regular and irregular verbs. Let’s explore them in detail!

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Irregular Verbs – Learn with 5 Patterns

Unlike regular verbs, irregular verbs do not follow a consistent pattern. Their past simple (V2) and past participle (V3) forms change unpredictably. However, you don’t need to memorise them randomly! Instead, you can learn them by recognising 5 different sound patterns: ✅

Irregular Verb Forms by Patterns

Click on any word for pronunciation

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Bear	Bore	Borne	സഹിക്കുക
Begin	Began	Begun	ആരംഭിക്കുക
Break	Broke	Broken	നിർത്തുക/ പൊട്ടിക്കുക
Choose	Chose	Chosen	തിരഞ്ഞടുക്കുക
Do	Did	Done	ചെയ്യുക
Draw	Drew	Drawn	വരയ്ക്കുക
Drive	Drove	Driven	ഡ്രൈവ് ചെയ്യുക
Fall	Fell	Fallen	വീഴുക
Fly	Flew	Flown	പറക്കുക
Forbid	Forbade	Forbidden	തടയുക
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	മറക്കുക
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	ക്ഷമിക്കുക
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	ശീതീകരിക്കുക/ മരവിപ്പിക്കുക
Get	Got	Gotten/Got	നേടുക
Give	Gave	Given	നൽകുക
Go	Went	Gone	പോകുക
Grow	Grew	Grown	വളരുക
Know	Knew	Known	അറിയുക
Lie	Lay	Lain	കിടക്കുക, കള്ളം പറയുക
Ride	Rode	Ridden	ഓടിക്കുക
Rise	Rose	Risen	ഊർജ്ജം ഉയർത്തുക
See	Saw	Seen	കാണുക
Shake	Shook	Shaken	കുലുക്കുക
Bite	Bit	Bitten	കടിക്കുക
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	പറയുക
Stride	Strode	Stridden	വേഗത്തിൽ നടക്കുക
Swear	Swore	Sworn	സത്യം ചെയ്യുക, ചീത്ത വിളിക്കുക
Take	Took	Taken	എടുക്കുക
Throw	Threw	Thrown	എറിയുക
Wake	Woke	Woken	ഉണരുക
Wear	Wore	Worn	ധരിക്കുക
Withdraw	Withdrew	Withdrawn	പിന്മാറുക

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Drink	Drank	Drunk	കുടിക്കുക
Ring	Rang	Rung	ബെൽ അടിക്കുക
Shrink	Shrank	Shrunk	ചുരുക്കുക
Sing	Sang	Sung	പാടുക
Sink	Sank	Sunk	മുങ്ങുക
Sling	Slang	Slung	ചുഴറ്റുക, വലിച്ചു കെട്ടുക
Spring	Sprang	Sprung	പോട്ടിമുളക്കുക, കുതിക്കുക
Stink	Stank	Stunk	നാറുക
String	Strung	Strung	വരിഞ്ഞു മുറുക്കുക
Swing	Swung	Swung	പലചരിയിൽ ചലിക്കുക
Wring	Wrung	Wrung	ആടുക
Fling	Flung	Flung	വലിച്ചെറിയുക
Hang	Hung	Hung	തൂക്കിയിടുക
Cling	Clung	Clung	പറ്റിപ്പിടിക്കുക
Slink	Slunk	Slunk	കാണപ്പെടാതെ ഒഴിഞ്ഞുമാറുക
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	ഒട്ടിക്കുക

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Bid	Bid	Bid	വില പറയുക (ലേലത്തിൽ)
Broadcast	Broadcast	Broadcast	പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുക
Burst	Burst	Burst	പൊട്ടുക
Cast	Cast	Cast	വലിച്ചെറിയുക, ചലച്ചിത്ര വേഷം നൽകുക
Cost	Cost	Cost	ചെലവാകുക
Cut	Cut	Cut	മുറിക്കുക
Fit	Fit	Fit	അനുയോജ്യമാകുക
Hit	Hit	Hit	അടിക്കുക
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt	പരുക്കേൽപ്പിക്കുക
Knit	Knit	Knit	നെയ്യുക
Let	Let	Let	അനുമതി കൊടുക്കുക
Put	Put	Put	വെയ്ക്കുക
Quit	Quit	Quit	നിർത്തുക
Read	Read	Read	വായിക്കുക
Set	Set	Set	സജ്ജീകരിക്കുക
Shed	Shed	Shed	തളിക്കുക, കൊഴിക്കുക
Shut	Shut	Shut	അടയ്ക്കുക
Slit	Slit	Slit	പിളര്‍ക്കുക, ചീന്തുക
Split	Split	Split	വിച്ഛേദിക്കുക
Spread	Spread	Spread	വ്യാപിക്കുക, പരത്തുക
Thrust	Thrust	Thrust	ബലത്തിൽ തള്ളുക, കുത്തികയറ്റുക
Wet	Wet	Wet	നനയ്ക്കുക

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Bend	Bent	Bent	വളയ്ക്കുക
Lend	Lent	Lent	കടം കൊടുക്കുക
Rend	Rent	Rent	പിളർത്തുക, കീറുക
Spend	Spent	Spent	ചെലവഴിക്കുക
Blend	Blent	Blent	കൂട്ടിക്കലർത്തുക
Send	Sent	Sent	അയയ്ക്കുക
Build	Built	Built	നിർമിക്കുക

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Buy	Bought	Bought	വാങ്ങുക
Seek	Sought	Sought	അന്വേഷിക്കുക
Teach	Taught	Taught	പഠിപ്പിക്കുക
Think	Thought	Thought	ചിന്തിക്കുക
Catch	Caught	Caught	പിടിക്കുക
Keep	Kept	Kept	നിലനിറുത്തുക, സൂക്ഷിക്കുക
Leave	Left	Left	വിടവാങ്ങുക
Feel	Felt	Felt	അനുഭവിക്കുക
Light	Lit	Lit	പ്രകാശം കൊടുക്കുക, കത്തിക്കുക
Build	Built	Built	നിർമിക്കുക
Fight	Fought	Fought	പോരാടുക
Sleep	Slept	Slept	ഉറങ്ങുക

Would you like to download a copy of the irregular verb forms? Please click on the download button below:

What is a Verb?

A verb is a word that expresses:

1. Action → “She writes a letter.”
2. State of being → “He is tired.”
3. Occurrence → “A storm developed suddenly.”

Verbs are dynamic and adapt to different grammatical situations through four main forms:

1. Base Form (V1) – The simplest form (e.g., go, eat, write)
2. Past Simple (V2) – Used for completed actions (e.g., went, ate, wrote)
3. Past Participle (V3) – Used in perfect tenses and passive voice (e.g., gone, eaten, written)
4. Present Participle (V4) – The “-ing” form used in continuous tenses (e.g., going, eating, writing)

Let’s explore each verb form in detail with examples.

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1. Base Form (V1) – The Root of Action

The base form of a verb is its simplest form, free from tense or conjugation. It is used in:

✅ Present Simple (except third-person singular)

• “I run every morning.”
• “They speak three languages.”

✅ Infinitive (with “to”)

• “I love to read books.”
• “She wants to travel the world.”

✅ Commands (Imperatives)

• “Sit down!”
• “Open the door.”

🚀 Examples of Base Forms:
go, eat, write, play, think, dance, sing, sleep, jump, watch

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2. Past Simple (V2) – Expressing Completed Actions

The past simple form shows actions that happened in the past and are finished.

✅ Regular verbs add “-ed” or “-d”:

• “She worked late last night.”
• “They danced at the party.”

✅ Irregular verbs change completely:

• “He went to school early.” (go → went)
• “I wrote a poem.” (write → wrote)

🔎 Usage Examples:

• “We watched a movie yesterday.” (Regular)
• “She ate an apple for breakfast.” (Irregular)

🚀 Examples of Past Simple Forms:
went, ate, wrote, played, thought, danced, sang, slept, jumped, watched

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3. Past Participle (V3) – The Key to Perfect Tenses

The past participle is used in:

✅ Perfect tenses (with has/have/had)

• “She has finished her homework.”
• “We had eaten before they arrived.”

✅ Passive voice (with “be”)

• “The letter was written by John.”
• “A new law has been passed.”

🔎 Regular verbs → same as past simple (played, walked)
🔎 Irregular verbs → unique changes (gone, eaten, written)

🚀 Examples of Past Participles:
gone, eaten, written, played, thought, danced, sung, slept, jumped, watched

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4. Present Participle (V4) – The Continuous Action

The present participle is the “-ing” form of a verb. It is used in:

✅ Continuous tenses (with is/am/are/was/were)

• “She is reading a book.”
• “They were playing football.”

✅ Gerunds (verbs acting as nouns)

• “Swimming is my favourite sport.”
• “Reading helps improve vocabulary.”

🚀 Examples of Present Participles:
going, eating, writing, playing, thinking, dancing, singing, sleeping, jumping, watching

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Comparison of Verb Forms

Base Form (V1)	Past Simple (V2)	Past Participle (V3)	Present Participle (V4)
Go	Went	Gone	Going
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Eating
Write	Wrote	Written	Writing
Play	Played	Played	Playing
Think	Thought	Thought	Thinking
Dance	Danced	Danced	Dancing
Sing	Sang	Sung	Singing

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Regular and Irregular Verbs – A Complete Guide

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What Are Regular and Irregular Verbs?

In English, verbs are divided into regular and irregular categories based on how they change in the past simple (V2) and past participle (V3) forms.

1. Regular Verbs

Regular verbs follow a consistent pattern when forming the past simple and past participle. They simply add “-ed” or “-d” to the base form (V1).

✅ Examples:

• Walk → Walked → Walked
• Play → Played → Played
• Talk → Talked → Talked

2. Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not follow a fixed pattern. Their past simple and past participle forms change in unpredictable ways.

✅ Examples:

• Go → Went → Gone
• Eat → Ate → Eaten
• Write → Wrote → Written

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Regular Verbs – Rules & Examples

Regular verbs follow three simple rules when forming their past tense:

Rule 1: Add “-ed” to most verbs

For most verbs, simply add “-ed” to form the past simple and past participle.

✅ Examples:

• Work → Worked → Worked
• Jump → Jumped → Jumped
• Call → Called → Called

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Rule 2: If the verb ends in “e,” add only “-d”

If a verb already ends in “e,” just add “-d” instead of “-ed”.

✅ Examples:

• Live → Lived → Lived
• Love → Loved → Loved
• Change → Changed → Changed

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Rule 3: If the verb ends in consonant + “y,” change “y” to “i” and add “-ed”

If a verb ends with a consonant + “y,” change “y” to “i” before adding “-ed”.

✅ Examples:

• Study → Studied → Studied
• Carry → Carried → Carried
• Cry → Cried → Cried

🚨 Exception: If the verb ends in a vowel + “y,” just add “-ed”:

• Play → Played → Played
• Enjoy → Enjoyed → Enjoyed

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Regular Verb Forms

V1	V2	V3	അർത്ഥം
Accept	Accepted	Accepted	സ്വീകരിക്കുക
Ask	Asked	Asked	ചോദിക്കുക
Bake	Baked	Baked	അപ്പം ചുടുക
Call	Called	Called	വിളിക്കുക
Dance	Danced	Danced	നൃത്തം ചെയ്യുക
End	Ended	Ended	അവസാനിപ്പിക്കുക
Finish	Finished	Finished	പൂർത്തിയാക്കുക
Guess	Guessed	Guessed	അനുമാനിക്കുക
Help	Helped	Helped	സഹായിക്കുക
Jump	Jumped	Jumped	ചാടുക
Kiss	Kissed	Kissed	ചുംബിക്കുക
Laugh	Laughed	Laughed	ചിരിക്കുക
Move	Moved	Moved	നീങ്ങുക
Need	Needed	Needed	ആവശ്യമാകുക
Open	Opened	Opened	തുറക്കുക
Paint	Painted	Painted	ചായം പൂശുക
Play	Played	Played	കളിക്കുക
Reach	Reached	Reached	എത്തുക
Study	Studied	Studied	പഠിക്കുക
Talk	Talked	Talked	സംസാരിക്കുക
Use	Used	Used	ഉപയോഗിക്കുക
Walk	Walked	Walked	നടക്കുക
Watch	Watched	Watched	കാണുക
Work	Worked	Worked	ജോലിചെയ്യുക

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