Tag Archives: ielts reading

CATHY FREEMAN – AUSTRALIAN’S TRACK QUEEN IELTS Reading answers

1. хі

2. v

3. іїї

4. vi

5. viii

6. х

7. ії

8. ix

9. vii

10. Stepfather

11. Scholarship

12. Commonwealth games

13. 400 meters/ metres/ m

14. gold medal

15. FALSE

16. TRUE

17. FALSE

18. NOT GIVEN

19. TRUE (6.6%)

20. NOT GIVEN

21. B

22. C

23. B

24. C

25. D

26. D

27. NO (Lycaon pictus, painted wolf and cape hunting dog)

28. NOT GIVEN

29. YES

30. YES

31. NO (difficult/ poorly researched)

32. NO (currently help track wild dogs)

33. B/D/G

34. B/D/G

35. B/D/G

36. А

37. А

38. B

39. С

40. A

CATHY FREEMAN IELTS READING

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Adam’s Wine IETLS reading test

ATTEMPT THE TEST

VIEW ANSWERS IELTS ACADEMIC READINGIELTS LISTENING TESTSIETLS AC WRITING TASK 2IELTS AC WRITING TASK 1

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Adam’s Wine IETLS reading answers

1.         X.

2.         I.

3.         V.

4.         III.

5.         VIII.

6.         II.

7.         XIII.

8.         IV.

9.         D.

10.       A.

11.       D.

12.       C.

13.       C.

14.       C.

15.       B.

16.       Shortage.

17.       Teacher-training.

18.       Profession.

19.       Obvious.

20.       Increasing.

21.       Recent.

22.       Competent.

23.       False.

24.       False.

25.       Not given.

26.       Not given.

27.       True.

28.       True.

29.       Not given.

30.       B.

31.       No.

32.       Not given.

33.       Not given.

34.       Not given.

35.       Yes.

36.       Not given.

37.       A.

38.       B.

39.       D.

40.       A.

ADAM’S WINE

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 A Remarkable Beetle IETLS reading

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VIEW ANSWERS IELTS ACADEMIC READINGIELTS LISTENING TESTSIETLS AC WRITING TASK 2IELTS AC WRITING TASK 1

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 A Remarkable Beetle IETLS reading answers

1. NOT GIVEN

2. NO

3. YES

4. YES

5. NO

6. Spanish

7. South African

8. French

9. temperate

10. early spring NOT spring

11. 2-5 // two to five

12. sub-tropical

13. South African tunneling/tunnelling/tunneler/tunneller

14 v

15. vii

16. її

17. iv

18 і

19 G

20. C

21 F

22. В

23. C

24. В

25. D

26. C

27. A

28. A

29. NOT GIVEN

30. YES

31. YES

32. NOT GIVEN

33. YES

34. NO

35. NO

36 role sign

37 ritual

38 role sign

39 role set

40 C

A REMARKABLE BEETLE

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A Disaster of Titanic Proportions IELTS reading answers

1.      Fleet

2.      Lookout

3.      Midnight /12:00 a.m.

4.      lifeboats

5.      Wireless operators

6.      (wireless) message

7.      FALSE

8.      NOT GIVEN

9.      FALSE

10.    TRUE

11.    FALSE

12.    TRUE

13.    NOT GIVEN

Reading Passage 2

14.    v

15.    iii

16.    viii

17.    x

18.    vi

19.    ix

20.  F

21.  G     

22.    C

23.    E

24.    B

25.    A

26.    G

Reading Passage 3

27.    C

28.    E

29.    I

30.    H

31.    A

32.    J

33.    active

34.    toxic

35.    systematic design

36.    monitor

37.    side effects

38.    symptoms

39.    placebo effect

40.    unconscious

A DISASTER OF TITANIC PROPORTIONS

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Can animals count? IELTS reading answers

1.         identical

2.         balls of paper

3.         female

4.         fruit fly

5.         mosquitofish

6.         surface area

7.         sugar water

8.         TRUE

9.         FALSE

10.       NOT GIVEN

11.       TRUE

12.       NOT GIVEN

13.       TRUE

14.       vi

15.       i

16.       v

17.       iii

18.       vii

19.       C

20.       A

21.       B

22.       D

23.       A

24.       industrial

25.       indestructible

26.       seasons

27.       A

28.       B

29.       D

30.       B

31.       NO

32.       YES

33.       NO

34.       YES

35.       NOT GIVEN

36.       NO

37.       C

38.       A

39.       E

40.       I

CAN ANIMALS COUNT?

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RESTAURANT ADVERTISEMENTS IELTS READING

SECTION 1. QUESTION 1-14. Look at the five restaurant advertisements A-E. For which restaurant are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1. You can’t eat at this restaurant on Monday evening.
2. You can have a meal here in peaceful country surroundings.
3. You can eat here on a Sunday night.
4. You can have your order delivered for an extra fee.
5. You can have dinner here and then stay the night.



Read the text below and answer Questions 6-14


A. RICHMOND EXPERIMENTAL THEATRE

Learn to act introduces people to a broad range of acting techniques. It is specially geared to those with little or no aging experience. The atmosphere is relaxed and unthreatening and great emphasis is placed on developing the confidence and abilities of people who may initially be a little apprehensive!

B. WORLD CULTURE DAY: Brazilian Street Percussion 2.30-4.30. Samba percussion workshop. Lift your spirits with the taste of carnival! It doesn’t matter whether you’re an experienced musician or a complete beginner, you’ll be creating complex exotic rhythms in no time.
African Storytelling 3.45-4.45: The magical African story-telling tradition of narration, poetry and proverbs (mainly from Ghana and Nigeria). An event for all the family.

C. SCOTTISH DANCING. IT’S FUN. IT’S GOOD EXERCISE
• We have classes for dancers of all abilities.
• Previous experience is not essential.
• All you need to bring is a pair of soft shoes and enthusiasm.
• Classes are held in a number of places and at different times.
• We guarantee you a warm welcome.

D. THE RENAISSANCE SINGERS: New singers are invited to join our choir, formed in 1993, to perform a wide variety of music in Cambridge. We meet every Wednesday evening from 7.30 to 9.30 pm, and this term we are rehearsing for a special concert with audience participation on Saturday 1st December.
An ability to sight-read and previous experience in choral singing is desirable, although not essential.

E. DRAWING WITH COLOUR
An intensive workshop for beginners. Saturday 13th and Sunday 14th October. This unusual workshop offers instruction in effective ways to draw in colour. Activities will include study of light and shade and ways to express mood and emotion in colour. The small class (12 students} assures maximum attention for each student. Professional quality materials are included in the fee of £95.


Question 6-14. The passage on the reading page has five sections A-E. For which section are the following statements true? Write type correct letter A-E in boxes 6-14 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.
6. A friendly greeting awaits new members.
7. Some relevant skills are preferred.
8. This activity could cheer you up.
9. This activity is suitable for a variety of ages.
10. Individual guidance will be provided.
11. Participants can take part in a public performance.
12. This activity could help someone who wants to overcome shyness.
13. This activity promises rapid progress.
14. This activity is not held during the day.



SECTION 2. STUDENT LIFE AT CANTERBURY COLLEGE

Most of the courses at Canterbury College only take up four days of the week, leaving one day free for independent study. The atmosphere at the College is that of an adult environment where a relationship of mutual respect is encouraged between students and tutors. Canterbury is a student city with several institutes of Further and Higher Education. The city centre is just a five-minute walk from the College, easily accessible in lunch or study breaks. Canterbury College has developed strong international links over the years and, as a result, many students have the opportunity of visiting and working in a European country in the course of their studies.

Students’ Union and SRC: All students are automatically members of the Canterbury College Students’ Union (CCSU) and can attend meetings. The Union is very active and is run by an Executive Committee elected by students in the Autumn Term. The President is elected every Summer Term to provide continuity for the next academic year. Representatives from each area of study form the Student Representative Council (SRC) which allows every student a say in Union affairs. In addition to representing students internally in the College on the Academic Board and with a subcommittee of the College Corporation, the CCSU also belongs to the National Union of Students which represents the interests of students nationally. The Union also arranges and supports entertainments, sporting activities and trips.

Student facilities. Learning Resources Centre (LRC): The Corey Learning Resources Centre provides easy access to a wide range of printed and audiovisual learning materials which can help students with coursework. There is ample space for quiet independent study and there are also areas for group work. Resources provided include books, journals, audio and video cassettes and CD-ROMs. Inter-library loans are available locally and nationally via the British Library. All students are encouraged to use the Open Access Information Technology Centre situated on the first floor. This has a variety of computing, word processing and desktop publishing software.

Bookshop: A branch of Waterstone’s bookshops is located on campus, where you can buy a range of stationery, drawing equipment, artists’ materials and books, as well as many other useful items you may need.

Children’s Centre: The College Children’s Centre has places for under 5s with some subsidised places being available to students. Places are limited, so, if you are interested, apply early to reserve a place by contacting Linda Baker on the College telephone number.

Refectory: This provides refreshments between 08.30 and 19.00 with hot meals served three times a day. Healthy eating options are available.
Coffee Shop: This is open during normal College hours and serves light snacks and drinks. Proceeds from the Coffee Shop go to the Students’ Union.

Crypt Restaurant: This is a training restaurant which offers good quality cuisine in pleasant surroundings. Meals are very reasonably priced and you are invited to sample the students’ highly skilled dishes when the restaurant is open to the public during the week. Reservations can be made on 01227511244.

Chapel View Restaurant: This is another training restaurant and is set up as a quick-service facility which offers a selection of snacks and main courses at a modest price


Questions 15-20. Read the passage about student life at Canterbury College. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

15. Many students are allocated a job experience placement abroad.
16. The elections for the Union President and Executive Committee are held together.
17. There are staff in the LRC to help students use the facilities.
18. Nursery care is available on a first-come, first-served basis.
19. The Refectory serves fast-food options.
20. The Chapel View Restaurant is for students only.



Read the passage below and answer Questions 21-27.

CANTERBURY COLLEGE. LIST OF COURSES

COURSE A: This course will enable students to experience performing arts and the media at a basic level. It will give them the experience to decide if they wish to pursue an interest in this field and to develop their potential and adaptability for working in a performance company in either a performing or a technical role.
COURSE B: The aim of this course is to provide a thorough grounding in business-related skills and a comprehensive knowledge of business practice. It is for students with a business studies background who can manage a heavy workload that will contain a greater degree of academic study.
COURSE C: This course provides progression to a range of higher levels. Units will include maintaining employment standards, salon management duties, providing facial massage and skin care, instruction on makeup, lash and brow treatments, artificial nail structures and ear piercing.
COURSE D: This course is designed to develop skills used in leisure operations. It covers preparing for and conducting physical activities, maintenance of facility areas, building relationships with participants and colleagues, handling sports equipment and health and safety issues.
COURSE E: This course gives a foundation for a career in caring for children, the elderly or people with special needs. Core units are Numeracy, Communication and Information Technology. Work placements are an important part of the course.
COURSE F: This course is designed to provide a foundation in graphic and visual communication skills. Students complete units in picture composition and photographic processing alongside elements of graphic design, and gain hands-on experience of desktop publishing and presentations.
COURSE G: This course is designed to provide an introduction to the construction industry. Units covered include Heat, Light and Sound, Introduction to the Urban Environment, Communication Processes and Techniques and Properties of Materials. AII students complete vocational assignments which are integrated with work experience with reputable companies.
COURSE H: The qualifications gained and the skills developed on this course will provide a good basis for gaining employment in office work. In addition to word processing, the course also covers spreadsheets, computerised accounting, databases and desktop publishing. AII students are given chances to develop their confidence, and advice and information is given on job search skills, presentation techniques and personal appearance.


Questions 21-27: Look at the List of Courses at Canterbury College A-H. Which course would you recommend for people with the following career interests? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

21. advertising
22. TV production
23. architecture
24. company management
25. working with the disabled
26. secretariat tasks
27. Beauty therapy



SECTION 3. THE HISTORY OF EARLY CINEMA
The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities – New York, London, Paris and Berlin – the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s, which rivalled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short ‘attractions’ only a couple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world’s screens up to the present day.

Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation, It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.

In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world’s film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo vadis? (1913) and Cabiria (1914), almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation.

Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films appealed because they had better- constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over present or future competition.

The zest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply. As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world.

None of this would have happened without technology, and cinema is in fact unique as an art form. In the early years, this art farm was quite primitive, similar to the original French idea of using a lantern and slides back in the seventeenth century. Early cinema programmes were a mixture of items, combining comic sketches, free-standing narratives, serial episodes and the occasional trick or animated film. With the arrival of the feature length narrative as the main attraction, other types of films became less important. The making of cartoons became a separate branch of film-making, generally practised outside the major studios, and the same was true of serials. Together with newsreels, they tended to be shown as short items in a programme which led to the feature.

From early cinema, it was only Americana slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format. However, during this ‘Silent Film’ era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film.

Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period, the most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union. Of these, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite of the war and post-war economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded on to the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.

The other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically are: Britain, which had an interesting but undistinguished history in the silent period; Italy, which had a brief moment of international fame just before the war; the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development of silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population; and Japan, where a cinema developed based primarily on traditional theatrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted to western influence.


Question 28-30. Which THREE possible reasons for American dominance of the film industry are given in the text?
A plenty of capital to purchase what it didn’t have B making films dealing with serious issues
C being first to produce a feature film D well-written narratives
E the effect of the First World War F excellent special effects.
Questions 31-33. Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
31. Which TWO types of film were not generally made in major studios?
32. Which type of film did America develop in both short and feature films?
33. Which type of film started to become profitable in the ‘silent’ period?
Questions 34-40. Look at the following statements (Questions 34-40) and the list of countries below. Match each statement with the correct country. NB You may use any letter more than once.
34. It helped other countries develop their own film industry.
35. It was the biggest producer of films.
36. It was first to develop the ‘feature’ film.
37. It was responsible for creating stars.
38. It made the most money from ‘avant-garde’ films.
39. It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences.
40. It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size.

List of Countries
A France
B Germany
C USA
D Denmark
E Sweden
F Japan
G Soviet Union
H Italy
I Britain
J China

VIEW ANSWER KEYS

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Cleaner, Abundant Fuels Attracting Record Investment IELTS READING

Reading Passage 1


You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 -13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

A. Renewable energy captured from the wind, sun, Earth’s heat, tides, and from small dams is drawing record levels of investment as poor villagers and entire nations alike seek clean, abundant ways to fuel economic growth. Global investment in renewable energy set a new record of $30 billion in 2004, according to a new report from the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). Technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and small hydro now provide 160 gigawatts of electricity generating capacity – about four per cent of the world total – the report said. They are growing at rates of around 20-30 per cent per year, however, compared to two or three per cent for oil and gas.

B. “Renewable energy has become big business,” said Eric Martinot, lead author of the study, “Renewables 2005: Global Status Report”. Martinot, a senior fellow at the Washington, DC-based think tank Worldwatch Institute and a lecturer at Tsinghua University in Beijing, said renewable energy has attracted some of the world’s largest companies, including General Electric, Siemens, Sharp, and Royal Dutch Shell. The report estimated that nearly 40 million households worldwide heat their water with solar collectors, most of them installed in the last five years. Altogether, renewable energy industries provide 1.7 million jobs, most of them skilled and well paid.

C. Martinot and 100-plus researchers in more than 20 countries assessed several renewable technologies: small hydro (meaning small dams), modem biomass (agricultural waste, for example), wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. These technologies now compete with conventional fuels in four distinct markets: power generation, hot water and space heating, transportation fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy supplies.

D. Renewable energy is gaining in popularity because it is considered to be in infinite supply – unlike oil, coal, and gas – and because it involves little or no pollution compared to those fossil fuels. Scientists blame the burning of fossil fuels for the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that stoke global climate changes, which in turn are intensifying droughts in some parts of the world, floods and storms in others, and the spread of tropical diseases to temperate zones.

E. Additionally, renewable energy could empower millions of poor and vulnerable people who lack access to reliable, affordable, and clean modem energy services, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said in a message to the Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference, which opened Monday. Annan said that rising oil prices have hit oil-importing developing countries especially hard and underscore the need for alternative energy supplies. According to the REN21 report, government support for renewable energy is growing rapidly. At least 48 countries now have some type of renewable energy promotion policy, including 14 developing countries. Typically, they include targets to ensure that renewable sources generate 5-30 per cent of energy use in a given country by around 2010-2012.

F. The renewable sector’s prospects appeared to receive a further boost Monday when China announced it was raising its target for reliance on renewable energy even as it acknowledged that coal would remain its primary source for electricity for decades to come. Renewable energy should account for 15 per cent of national consumption by 2020. China had previously aimed to get 10 per cent of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.

G. Mandates for blending biofuels into vehicle fuels have been enacted in 20-plus states and provinces worldwide as well as in three key countries – Brazil, China, and India – the report said. Government leadership has ensured market success, according to REN21, which is composed of representatives of governments and non-governmental organisations. Market leaders in renewable energy in 2004 included Brawl in biofuels, China in solar hot water, Germany in solar electricity, and Spain in wind power, the report said.

H. The fastest-growing energy technology in the world is grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV), existing capacity of which blossomed by sixty per cent per year from 2000-2004, to cover more than 400,000 rooftops in Japan, Germany, and the United States, it found. Wind power came second, with generating capacity growing by 28 per cent last year with almost seventeen gigawatts installed as of 2004. Production of ethanol, biodiesel, and other biofuels exceeded 33 billion litres in 2004 when ethanol displaced about three per cent of the 1,200 billion litres of gasoline produced globally.

I. An estimated $500 million goes to developing countries each year as development assistance for renewable energy projects, training, and market support, with the German Development Finance Group (GDFG), the World Bank Group, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) providing the majority of these funds, and dozens of other donors and programmes providing the rest, the report said. More than 4.5 million “green” power consumers in Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan purchased renewable electricity in 2004, it added. Asia is seen as a vast market for renewable energy as it seeks to meet the growing demand for power to feed rapid economic expansion amid runaway oil prices.



Questions 1-4. The text has 9 paragraphs (A – I).
Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information?

1. Cases where the use of renewable fuels is in competition with non-renewable ones

2. The membership of REN21

3. The rates at which the use of renewable fuels is growing faster than the use of nonrenewable ones in the world

4. The sources of funding for renewable fuels in developing countries

Questions 5-8

Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each gap.

5. Biomass technology can use ____________________

6. Governments with renewable energy policies usually set ____________________ for renewable energy use.

7. The most important source of energy for China in 2020 is expected to be ____________________

8. Economic expansion and high oil prices mean that Asian countries are ____________________ for renewable sources of energy.

Questions 9-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 9 -13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE, if the information in the text agrees with the statement
FALSE, if the information in the text contradicts with the statement
NOT GIVEN, if there is no information on this

9. Eric Martinot advises large companies on investing in renewable energy.

10. Eric Martinot has over 100 people working in his team.

11. Increases in oil prices hurt developing economies more than developed ones.

12. The use of solar power grew by 60% between the year 2000 and the year 2004.

13. “Green” power consumers only get part of their electricity from alternative energy sources.


Reading Passage 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

A guide to womenomics

A. In rich countries, girls now do better at school than boys, more women are getting university degrees than men arc, and females are filling most new jobs. Arguably, women are now the most powerful engine of global growth. In 1950, only one-third of American women of working age had a paid job. Today two-thirds do, and women make up almost half of America’s workforce. Since 1950, men’s employment rate has slid by 12 percentage points, to 77%. In fact, almost everywhere more women are employed and the percentage of men with jobs has fallen – although in some countries, the feminisation of the workplace still has far to go: in Italy and Japan, women’s share of jobs is still 40% or less.

B. The increase in female employment in developed countries has been aided by a big shift in the type of jobs on offer. Manufacturing work, traditionally a male preserve, has declined, while jobs in services have expanded. This has reduced the demand for manual labour and put the sexes on a more equal footing. In the developing world, too, more women now have paid jobs. In the emerging East Asian economics, forever)’ 100 men in the labour force there are now 83 women, higher even than the average in OECD countries. Women have been particularly important to the success of Asia’s export industries, typically accounting for 60- 80% of jobs in many export sectors, such as textiles and clothing.

C. Of course, it is misleading to talk of women’s “entry” into the workforce. Besides formal employment, women have always worked in the home, looking after children, cleaning or cooking, but because this is unpaid, it is not counted in the official statistics. To some extent, the increase in female paid employment has meant fewer hours of unpaid housework. However, the value of housework has fallen by much less than the time spent on it, because of the increased productivity afforded by dishwashers, washing machines and so forth. Paid nannies and cleaners employed by working women now also do some work that used to belong in the non-market economy.

D. The increase in female employment has also accounted for a big chunk of global growth in recent decades. GDP growth can come from three sources: employing more people; using more capital per worker, or an increase in the productivity of labour and capital due to new technology’. Since 1970, women have filled two new jobs for every’ one taken by a man. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the employment of extra women has not only added more to GDP than new jobs for men but has also chipped in more than either capital investment or increased productivity. Carve up the world’s economic growth a different way and another surprising conclusion emerges: over the past decade or so, the increased employment of women in developed economies has contributed much more to global growth. Women are becoming more important in the global marketplace not just as workers, but also as consumers, entrepreneurs, managers and investors. Women have traditionally done most of the household shopping, but now they have more money of their own to spend. Surveys suggest that women make perhaps 80% of consumers’ buying decisions – from health care and homes to furniture and food.

E. Women’s share of the workforce has a limit. In America, it has already stalled. However, there will still be a lot of scopes for women to become more productive as they make better use of their qualifications. At school, girls consistently get better grades and in most developed countries, well over half of all university degrees are now being awarded to women. In America 140 women enroll in higher education each year for every 100 men; in Sweden, the number is as high as 150. (There are, however, only 90 female Japanese students for every 100 males.) In years to come, better-educated women will take more of the top jobs. At present, for example, in Britain, more women than men train as doctors and lawyers, but relatively few are leading surgeons or partners in law firms. The main reason why women still get paid less on average than men is not that they are paid less for the same occupations, such as nursing and teaching. This pattern is likely to change.

F. Making better use of women’s skills is not just a matter of fairness. Plenty of studies suggest that it is good for business, too. Women account for only 7% of directors on the worlds corporate boards – 15% in America, but less than 1% in Japan. Yet a study by Catalyst, a consultancy, found that American companies with more women in senior management jobs earned a higher return on equity than those with fewer women at the top. This might be because mixed teams of men and women are better than single-sex groups at solving problems and spotting external threats. Studies have also suggested that women are often better than men at building teams and communicating.

G. In poor countries too, the underutilization of women stunts economic growth. A study last year by the World Economic Forum found a clear correlation between sex equality (measured by economic participation, education, health and political empowerment) and GDP per head. Correlation does not prove the direction of causation. However, other studies also suggest that inequality between the sexes harms long-term growth. In particular, there is strong evidence that educating girls boosts prosperity. It is probably the single best investment that can be made in the developing world. Not only are better-educated women more productive, but they raise healthier, better-educated children. There is huge potential to raise income per head in developing countries, where fewer girls go to school than boys. More than two-thirds of the world’s illiterate adults are women.

H. It is sometimes argued that it is short-sighted to get more women into paid employment. The more women go out to work, it is said, the fewer children there will be and the lower growth will be in the long run. Yet the facts suggest otherwise. Data shows that countries with high female labour participation rates, such as Sweden, tend to have a decline in fertility has been greatest in several countries where female employment is low.



Questions 14-17. The text has 8 paragraphs (A-H).

Which paragraph does each of the following headings best fit?

14. New producers, new consumers

15. More work, fewer children?

16. A better-educated workforce

17. Women in new, expanding industries

Questions 18-22

According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are TRUE

Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in any order.

A. A higher percentage of Italian women have jobs than Japanese women.

B. More women than men work in Asia’s textile industries.

C. The value of housework is not included in official statistics.

D. Research shows that men make more purchasing decisions than women.

E. Most surgeons in Britain are women.

F. Firms with more women in senior management offer higher investment returns.

G. Most illiterate people in the world are women.

H. Some people think that lower birth rates lead to lower economic growth.

Questions 23-26

According to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer or answers from the choices given.

23. Since 1950, the percentage of

A. American women with jobs have increased.

B. American men with jobs have decreased.

C. Japanese and Italian women with jobs have remained stable.

24. Economics can get bigger by

A. increasing the size of the workforce.

B. giving shares to workers.

C. using more advanced technology.

25. Mixed teams of male and female managers are thought to be better at

A. building teams.

B. solving problems.

C. communicating.

26. Research by the World Economic Forum shows that

A. sex equality leads to higher GDP.

B. there is a connection between sex equality and GDP.

C. higher education leads to higher GDP.



Reading Passage 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

A Library At Your Fingertips

A. A few years ago, at the height of the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasn’t: for many, there is still little to match the joy of cracking the spine of a good book and settling down for an hour or two of reading. A recent flurry of activity by big technology companies – including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo! – suggests that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive.

B. The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, November 3, Google, the world’s most popular search engine, posted the first instalment of books on Google Print, an initiative first mooted a year ago. This collaborative effort between Google and several of the world’s leading research libraries aims to make many thousands of books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the ire of publishers.

C. Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from the material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more, but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google on a separate venture, Google Print Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy complete books online or in print form.

D. Not to be outdone, Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, has unveiled plans for its own foray into the mass e-book market. The firm, which began ten years ago as an online book retailer, now sells a vast array of goods. No doubt piqued that Google, a relative newcomer, should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed on Thursday that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow customers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish, from individual pages to chapters or complete works. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay around five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher.

E. Microsoft, too, has joined the online-book bandwagon. At the end of October, the software giant said it would spend around $200 million to digitize texts, starting with 150,000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance, a consortium of libraries and universities. (Yahoo! has pledged to make 18,000 books available online in conjunction with the same organisation.) On Thursday, coincidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the country’s main reference library, to digitize some 25 million pages; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year.

F. These companies are hoping for a return to the levels of interest in e-books seen when Stephen King, a best- selling horror writer, published “Riding the Bullet” exclusively on the Internet in 2000. Half a million copies were downloaded in the first 48 hours after publication. This proved to be a high-water mark rather than a taste of things to come. While buyers were reluctant to sit in front of a computer screen to read the latest novels, dedicated e-book reading gadgets failed to catch on. Barnes and Noble, a leading American bookshop chain, began selling e-books with fanfare in 2000 but quietly pulled the plugin 2003 as interest faded.

G. The market for e-books is growing again, though from a tiny base. According to the International Digital Publishing Forum, which collates figures from many of the world’s top publishers, in the third quarter of 2004, worldwide sales were 25% higher than the year before. Unfortunately, this only amounted to a paltry $3.2 million split between 23 publishers in an industry that made sales worth over $100 billion that year.

H. Both retailers and publishers reckon they will eventually be able to persuade consumers to do a lot more of their reading on the web. Some even hope they can become to online books what Apple’s iTunes is to online music. There are crucial differences between downloading fiction and downloading funk. Online music was driven from the bottom up: illegal filesharing services became wildly popular, and legal firms later took over when the pirates were forced (by a wave of lawsuits) to retreat; the legal providers are confident that more and more consumers will pay small sums for music rather than remain beyond the law. The iPod music player and it’s like have proved a fashionable and popular new way to listen to songs. The book world has no equivalent.

I. So the commercial prospects for sellers of online books do not yet look very bright. They may get a lift from some novel innovations. The ability to download mere parts of books could help, for instance: sections of manuals, textbooks or cookery books may tempt some customers; students may wish to download the relevant sections of course books, or readers may want a taste of a book that they subsequently buy in hard copy. The ability to download reading matter onto increasingly ubiquitous hand-held electronic devices and 3G phones may further encourage uptake. In Japan, the value of e-books (mainly manga comic books) delivered to mobile phones has jumped, though it will be worth only around ¥6 billion ($51 million) in 2005, according to estimates.

Questions 27-30
For each question, only ONE of the choices is correct.

Write the corresponding letter in the appropriate box on your answer sheet.

27. A few years ago, it was widely thought that

A. people would read fewer ‘paper’ books.

B. companies like Amazon would go bankrupt.

C. the dotcom boom would soon end.

28. Publishers are unhappy with Google because

A. Google is only publishing extracts, not complete books.

B. they think Google is in breach of copyright.

C. Google is cooperating with leading research libraries.

29. Amazon will

A. sell books that previously only Google sold online.

B. buy the copyright for many books it sells online.

C. allow people to buy only parts that they want to read from books.

30. It is clear that most readers if given the choice, prefer

A. ‘paper’ books.

B. reading from computer screens.

C. using dedicated e-book readers.

Questions 31-35
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each gap.

31) If companies publish books online that are not covered by copyright, they avoid __________________.
32) The _______________________ is very small but getting larger.
33) The ____________________ expect that they will be able to convince more people to read online.
34) The ___________________ has nothing similar to an iPod.
35) In Japan, most of the publications sent to mobile phones are ________________

Questions 36-40
Do the statements on the next page agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 36–40 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE, if the information in the text agrees with the statement
FALSE, if the information in the text contradicts with the statement
NOT GIVEN, if there is no information on this

36. Books that are out of print are not covered by copyright law.

37. Amazon began by selling books online.

38. Microsoft signed a deal with the British Library on the same day as Google and Amazon made their announcements.

39. Barnes and Noble published Riding the Bullet online.

40. The ability to sample a book online before buying it might help sales.

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CATHY FREEMAN – AUSTRALIAN’S TRACK QUEEN 

Reading passage 1

A. Runner Cathy Freeman is the first Aborigine, the name given to indigenous Australians, ever to compete in the Olympics, and the first to wave the Aboriginal flag at a sporting event. Freeman lit the Olympic flame at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, and won a gold medal in the 400 meters at those Games.

B. Freeman’s grandmother was part of the “stolen generation” of Aboriginal people in Australia—from the early 20th century until the 1970s; many Aboriginal children were taken from their parents to be raised in state- run institutions. This practice was intended to remove the children from the poverty, disease, and addiction that plagued many aboriginal people, but it also resulted in tragically broken family ties and loss of ancient cultural traditions. Although Freeman was not taken from her family, she had a difficult childhood. Both her younger sister and her father died when she was young.

C. When Freeman was still a girl; her talent in running was obvious. Her mother, Cecilia, encouraged her to pursue her interest in athletics, and when she was ten, her stepfather told her she could win a gold medal at the Olympics if she trained properly. However, although she had the talent, she was also a member of a minority group that historically had not had access to the same resources that other athletes had. Freeman was one of only a few Aborigines who won a scholarship to a boarding school where she could learn and train.

D. At the age of 15, she competed at the National School Championships, and did well enough to be encouraged to try out for the 1990 Commonwealth Games team. She made the team as a sprinter, and was a member of the 4 X 100-meter relay team, which won gold at the Commonwealth Games. In 1990, she competed in the Australian National Championships, winning the 200 meters, and then ran in the 100, 200, and 4 X 100- meter races at the World Junior Games. During this time, she met Nick Bideau, an Australian track official who would later become her coach, manager, and boyfriend.

E. In 1992, she competed in the 400-meter relay at the Barcelona Olympics, making it to the second qualifying round. She was also a member of the 4 X 100 meter team, which ran in the final but did not win a medal. At the World Junior Championships in 1992, she won a silver medal in the 200 meters. In 1993, she made it to the semifinals in the 200 meters in the World Championships.

F. In 1994, Freeman won the 200 meters and the 400 meters at the Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. After winning the 400 meters, Freeman ran her victory lap, carrying not the Australian national flag, but the red, black, and yellow Aboriginal flag. She was criticised in the press, and Australian team leader Arthur Tunstall told her she should not display the flag again. Freeman used the publicity she got to publicly discuss what the flag meant to Aboriginal people, explaining its symbolism: red for earth, yellow for sun, and black for skin. Defying Tunstall’s orders, she ran with the flag again after winning the 200 meters.

G. At the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta, Freeman won a silver medal in the 400 meters. After those Games, she broke off her romantic relationship with Bideau, although he continued as her manager. Freeman won the World Championships in the 400 meters in 1997 and 1998, even though she suffered a heel injury in 1998.

H. In 1999, Freeman met Alexander Bodecker, an American executive for the Nike shoe company, and the two fell in love. As a result, her relationship with Bideau became strained, and she eventually fired him. Freeman and Bodecker were married on September 19, 1999, in San Francisco. Bideau subsequently claimed that she owed him over $2 million in assets from deals he negotiated while he represented her, leading to a long court battle.

I. Freeman was, of course, Australia’s favourite to win a gold medal in the 400 meters at the 2000 Olympics, held in Sydney. Like any athlete, Freeman wanted to win in order to meet her own goals, but she also knew that she was viewed as a representative of the Aboriginal people, and she wanted to win for them. “I could feel the crowd all over me,” she told Mark Shimabukuro in the Sporting News. “I felt the emotion being absorbed into every part of my body.” When she won, with a time of 49.11 seconds, she was so relieved that she dropped to her knees on the track after completing the race.

J. Freeman’s shoes were yellow, black, and red, traditional Aboriginal colours, but after she won, she took them off and ran her victory lap, in traditional Aboriginal style, carrying both the Australian and Aboriginal flags around the track as the crowd cheered. This time, instead of being criticised for carrying the Aboriginal flag round the track; she was widely celebrated by the Australian media and public.

“Questions 1-9. The text has ten paragraphs labelled A–J. Choose the correct heading for sections B–J from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–xii, in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet. The first one is done for you as an example below.



Paragraph Headings

i An Australian sporting icon
ii A new love
iii Early competition
iv Winning isn’t everything
v Family support for running
vi Her first Olympics
vii Adored by her nation
viii Aboriginal identity on the track
ix Winning the top medal at home
x Second on the big stage
xi A difficult childhood
xii Losing in Sydney

e.g Paragraph A i

1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph F
6 Paragraph G
7 Paragraph H
8 Paragraph I
9 Paragraph J

Questions 10–14. Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.

How Cathy Freeman became a sports star

Although she had a hard upbringing she got support from her mother and 10……………….. She won a 11……………… at a young age to train and study which helped her develop as an athlete. Her first international success was in 1990 at the 12…………………… as part of the Australian sprint team. At her second Olympics in 1996 she won a silver medal for coming second in the 13…………………….In 2000, she finally won a 14………………….. at the Sydney Olympics making here one of the most loved sports star in Australia.



READING PASSAGE 2.

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

“THE WORLD’S DESIRE FOR PLASTIC IS DANGEROUS

A. A million plastic bottles are purchased around the world every minute and the number will jump another 20% by 2021, creating an environmental crisis some campaigners predict will be as serious as climate change. The demand, equivalent to about 20,000 bottles being bought every second, is driven by an apparently insatiable desire for bottled water and the spread of a western, urbanised culture to China and the Asia Pacific region.

B. More than 480 billion plastic drinking bottles were sold in 2016 across the world, up from about 300 billion a decade ago. If placed end to end, they would extend more than halfway to the sun. By 2021 this will increase to 583.3 billion, according to the most up-to-date estimates.”

C. Most plastic bottles, which are used for soft drinks and water, are made from Pet plastic, which is highly recyclable. But as their use grows rapidly across the globe, efforts to collect and recycle the bottles to keep them from polluting the oceans, are failing to keep up. For instance, fewer than half of the bottles bought in 2016 were collected for recycling and just 7% of those collected were turned into new bottles. Instead most plastic bottles produced end up in rubbish dumps or in the ocean.

D. Whilst the production of single use plastics has grown dramatically over the last 20 years, the systems to contain, control, reuse and recycle them just haven’t kept pace. In the UK 38.5 million plastic bottles are used every day – only just over half make it to recycling, while more than 16 million are put into rubbish dumps, burnt or leak into the environment and oceans each day. “Plastic production is set to double in the next 20 years and grow by 4 times that by 2050 so the time to act is now,” according to environmentalist. There has been growing concern about the impact of plastics pollution in oceans around the world. Last month scientists found nearly 18 tonnes of plastic on one of the world’s most remote islands, an uninhabited place in the South Pacific.

E. The majority of plastic bottles used across the globe are for drinking water, according to Rosemary Downey, head of packaging at Euromonitor and one of the world’s experts in plastic bottle production. China is responsible for most of the increase in demand. The Chinese public’s consumption of bottled water accounted for nearly a quarter of global demand, she said. “It is a critical country to understand when examining global sales of plastic Pet bottles, and China’s requirement for plastic bottles continues to expand,” said Downey. In 2015, consumers in China purchased 68.4 billion bottles of water and in 2016 this increased to 73.8 billion bottles, up 5.4 billion. “This increase is being driven by increased urbanisation,” said Downey. “There is a desire for healthy living and there are ongoing concerns about contamination of water and the quality of tap water, which all contribute to the increase in bottle water use,” she said. India and Southeast Asia are also witnessing strong growth, which is bound to cause problems in the future for the planet.

F. Major drinks brands produce the greatest numbers of plastic bottles. Coca-Cola produces more than 100 billion single use plastic bottles every year – or 3,400 a second, according to analysis carried out by Greenpeace after the company refused to publicly disclose its global plastic usage. The top six drinks companies in the world use a combined average of just 6.6% of recycled Pet in their products, according to Greenpeace. A third have no targets to increase their use of recycled plastic and none are aiming to use 100% across their global production.

G. Plastic drinking bottles could be made out of 100% recycled plastic, known as RPet – and campaigners are pressing big drinks companies to radically increase the amount of recycled plastic in their bottles. But brands are hostile to using RPet for cosmetic reasons because they want their products in shiny, clear plastic. The industry is also resisting any taxes or charges to reduce demand for single-use plastic bottles – like the 5p charge on plastic bags that is credited with reducing plastic bag use by 80%.

H. Coca Cola said it was still considering requests from Greenpeace to publish its global plastics usage. The company said: “Globally, we continue to increase the use of recycled plastic in countries where it is feasible and permitted. We continue to increase the use of RPet in markets where it is feasible and approved for regulatory food-grade use – 44 countries of the more than 200 we operate in.” Coca Cola agreed plastic bottles could be made out of 100 per cent recycled plastic but there was nowhere near enough high quality food grade plastic available on the scale that was needed to increase the quantity of RPet to that level. “So if we are to increase the amount of recycled plastic in our bottles even further then a new approach is needed to create a circular economy for plastic bottles,” Coca Cola said.

I. Greenpeace said the big six drinks companies had to do more to increase the recycled content of their plastic bottles. “During Greenpeace’s recent exploration of plastic pollution on remote Scottish coast, we found plastic bottles nearly everywhere we went,” said Louisa Casson, oceans campaigner for Greenpeace. “It’s clear that the soft drinks industry needs to reduce its plastic waste.”



Questions 15-20. Do the following statements agree with claims of the writer? In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this”

15 Experts say that plastic waste is worse than global warming.
16 Most bottles manufactured for drinking are made from plastic that can be easily recycled.
17 In Britain, only 20% of plastic bottles are recycled and the rest is reused or thrown out.
18 By 2020, China’s use of plastic bottles will be greater than the rest of the world.
19 Major drink companies only use a small percentage of recycled plastic in their bottles.
20 A leading environmental organisation says that the oceans will be filled with plastic if big business doesn’t act.

Questions 21–26. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter (A-D) in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.

21 Every second, approximately how many plastic bottles are purchased on the planet?
A twelve thousand
B twenty thousand
C fifteen million
D thirty-eight million
22 Most plastic bottles that aren’t recycled are…
A set fire to
B put into boats at sea
C put into garbage tips
D sent to companies
23 The majority of plastic bottles are used for…
A storage
B drinking water
C recycling
D Coca Cola
24 What is the percentage of drinks companies who have no plans to use more recyclable plastic in their products?
A 6.6%
B 30%
C 33%
D 100%
25 According to the article, RPet is
A a major drinks company
B an expert in plastic bottle production
C bottles made out of highly recyclable material
D bottles made out of 100% recycled plastic
26 Greenpeace thinks one way to reduce plastic waste is to…
A tax plastic manufactures
B clean the oceans
C stop drinking bottled water
D use more recycled material




READING PASSAGE 3.

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

ON THE TRAIL OF AFRICA’S WILD DOGS

Just before dawn at a National Park in North Eastern South Africa, Micaela Szykman stands on a hill with a radio transmitter held in the air, listening for signals from the radio collars of African wild dogs. If the dogs are within range, Szykman jumps back into her four-wheel drive to catch up with them before they awake. Szykman, a researcher at the Smithsonian National Animal Park in Washington, D.C., is tracking the dogs for a park project.

The African wild dog, officially named Lycaon pictus, and also called the painted wolf or the Cape hunting dog is the victim mainly of human hunting. The dog is listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. Lycaon pictus once roamed most of sub-Saharan Africa. Now only about 5,000 dogs can be found in isolated pockets of the continent.

In 1997, 2000, and 2003, wildlife managers reintroduced several packs of wild dogs from elsewhere in South Africa to this park in the hope of rebuilding the species. Wildlife officials and scientists like Szykman are watching and studying the reintroduction because such programs are integral to Lycaon’s survival.

Adult wild dogs, with round saucer-like ears and a “painted” black, white, brown, and yellow coat, weigh up to 25 kilograms and stand about 60 centimetres with a delicate build. “This is one of the most intensely social animals out there,” said Szykman, a behavioural scientist. “The entire pack, sometimes up to 20 dogs, always hunts, plays, walks, and feeds together. They never leave an animal behind and are always strengthening social bonds.” Each pack has only one breeding pair, and the rest of the pack helps raise the annual litter, up to 20 pups, one of the largest litter sizes of all African animals. Lycaon pictus hunts in packs and Szykman’s job is particularly difficult because wild dogs are tough to track. They travel up to 30 kilometres daily, with vast home ranges, 600 to 800 square kilometres on average.

As a discipline, the science of reintroduction has been poorly studied,” said Steven Monfort, a research veterinarian at the Conservation and Research Centre in Front Royal, Virginia. “Reintroduction is not easy. Governments set aside land, and other people dump animals in there, which makes them feel good. If the animals increase, the reintroduction is a big success. If numbers fall nobody knows what went wrong,” Monfort said. The dogs’ radio collars provide only limited contact. Monfort has proposed the development of a satellite- tagging system so that Szykman and Monfort can track the animals year-round and mark their range, including how close they come to humans and other threats.

The researchers also hope to expand the use of satellite collars to hyenas and lions to understand how competition with these animals affects the dogs’ reproduction and survival. These two species also play a role in reducing African wild dog numbers. “If you fence in a reserve or surround a wild area with human settlement then you need to adjust the species levels to maintain healthy populations of dogs, hyenas, and lions which are all interacting on overlapping areas of land,” said Monfort.

To Scott Creel, a behavioural scientist at Montana State University in Bozeman, reintroduction is the right approach for South Africa. “Reintroduction is exciting because it beats caged management in zoos. But in the long term, it is useless unless it results in larger, well-protected reserves or changes patterns of land use. These wild dog populations won’t be self sustaining unless the land area is large enough” said Creel, co-author of The African Wild Dog: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. “There’s a long history of reintroduction there. They have a good idea of what works and what doesn’t.”

Hunting drastically reduced the wild dog population in South Africa except for Kruger National Park where there are approximately 300 to 500 dogs. Though Creel is also not convinced that the reintroduced wild dog population will thrive without hands-on management, he supports the effort because reintroduction of these animals at smaller satellite parks and private reserves raises the national wild dog population and is an insurance policy if disease hits. Already the luck of African wild dogs is changing. In the past, farmers often just shot the dogs on sight. Now when somebody sees the dogs outside the reserve, Szykman gets a call about their location.



Questions 27-32. Do the following statements agree with claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 27- 32 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

27 The African wild dog has other names associated with it, often being referred to as the ‘hunting wolf’.
28 There are more African wild dogs in Sub-Saharan African than in South Africa.
29 Scientists are trying to save the African wild dog by putting them in new national parks in South Africa.
30 African wild dogs roam large areas and often travel extreme distances
31 Introducing African wild dogs into new areas is quite easy and there has been a lot of research related to this field.
32 Radio transmitters help scientist track the movements of hyenas and lions.

Questions 33-35. Choose THREE letters A-G. Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

Which THREE of the following are given as reasons for African wild dogs currently being endangered?

A Doing scientific tests on the wild dogs.
B The loss of habitat for the dogs.
C The building of fences to capture them.
D Hyenas and lions competing with them.
E Transporting the dogs to other areas.
F Not having enough food to eat.
G Humans killing wild dogs.

Questions 36-40. Look at the statements (Questions 36-40) and the list of scientists and researches below. Match each statement with the correct person, A-C. Write the correct letter, A-C, in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet. NB You may use some letters more than once.

This scientist or researcher…

36 is monitoring the African wild dogs’ movement and behaviour.
37 has found that African wild dogs are a family orientated species.
38 does not think current systems of tracking African wild dogs is sufficient.
39 believes repopulating areas with African wild dogs is currently the best solution for their survival.
40 thinks that local attitude towards African wild dogs is changing in a positive way.



List of People

A Micaela Szykman
B Steven Monfort
C Scott Creel”

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