Patient History: Robin Williams 42-year-old man Admitted to hospital for endoscopic removal of gallstones Admitted 22 May 2005 Discharged 24 May 2005 Today’s date: 25 May 2005 Social History: Married with two children 3,6 Policeman, works shifts at night Wife away on business overseas for one week No family in Victoria Nursing Notes: Routine post-operative recovery Walking normally Minimal pain-relieved with 3x Panadol daily. Wound healed. Ultrasound showed operation successful Discharge Plan: Rest for one week No heavy lifting Observe wound for infection. Council childcare for one week Writing Task Using the information in the case notes, write a letter of referral to Dr. Phillip Adams, 399 Bourke St, Melbourne, 3000, who will provide follow up care in this case.
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Patient. Role play. Setting: Community Health Centre Patient:
You are accompanying your father who is 74 years old and suffering from Alzheimer’s disease for 4 years. You have got a new job in the next state and you need to go as early as possible. There is no one to take care of your father in your absence. You need assistance from the Community Health Nurse to take care of him. Task: • Explain your father’s condition and your worries. • Ask if she could do anything for you.
NURSE. Role play. Setting: Community Health Centre Patient:
A man has brought his 74-year-old father who is an Alzheimer’s patient for 4 years. He wants you to take care of him or else find out a suitable person who can look after his father when he is away for his job in the other state. Task: • Explain the rules and regulations of the Community Health Centre. • Assure him to find someone who can do this for him as early as possible. • Enquire about the routines of his father. • Ask if there is any particular matter which needs to give extra attention about.
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PATIENT. ROLE PLAY. SETTING: Emergency Department, Local Hospital
You are 35. You were involved in a car accident earlier today and are suffering from whiplash and a headache. You are feeling sorry for yourself and are impatient to be better. TASK: Be confused that you have been kept in hospital for so long, given there are no signs of broken bones, cuts or bruises. Ask why you are being given medication. Stress that you want to get better in the shortest time possible. Ask if physiotherapy will shorten the recovery period. Ask about the length of the treatment. How long will it be before you are better? Ask if there is anything else you need to know. Ask if there could be ‘after effects’ or ongoing problems as a result of your accident.
NURSE. ROLE PLAY. SETTING: Emergency Department, Local Hospital
This 35-year-old patient was involved in a car accident earlier today and is now suffering from a headache and whiplash (an injury to the cervical spine). He/she is being kept in the hospital for observation but is expected to be discharged later in the day. TASK: Find out what the patient thinks are the reasons why he/she is being kept in the hospital. Advise the patient on the reason for taking and continuing to take medication, and ways of managing the pain once he/she returns home (e.g., with heat/ice, analgesics, a collar, etc.). Discuss the best care practices for after the patient leaves the hospital. Describe the benefits of consulting a physiotherapist about exercise and relaxation exercises to loosen up the joints. Explain that you cannot be sure how long the patient will take to recover fully. Stress the importance of complying with the treatment and exercise program. Stress the importance of seeking medical advice if there is any increased pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or vision problems.
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You have a suspected bladder infection and the doctor has requested a urine sample. You need to get a urine sample from your daughter, who’s only four. When asked, say you need to check the procedure for getting the urine. TASK: Confirm that you just need to get her to pee into a container, and then collect the sample from that. Say you’ll follow the nurse’s instructions and ask how quickly you need to bring the urine sample to the clinic. Mention that your daughter keeps getting bladder infections and you don’t think this problem will be resolved soon. Say the doctor gave you lots of advice about hygiene, which you have been following. Admit it’s really difficult to get your daughter to drink anything and she doesn’t like using the toilet at nursery. Mention that you’re glad it’s just a phase and you’ll get the sample done as quickly as possible.
NURSE. Role play. SETTING: CITY CLINIC
You see the parent of a 4-year-old girl who has a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI), which she gets frequently. You give the parent a sample bottle and advice on the procedure for collecting a urine sample, which the doctor has requested. TASK: • Find out the reason for the parent’s request to see you. • Outline the urine collection process (e.g., get girl to drink water to fill bladder, collect mid-stream, use sterile sample bottle, etc.). Stress importance of not contaminating the sample (e.g., unreliable test results, cause of bladder infections not identified, etc.). • Outline the next steps after sample collection (taken to the clinic within 12 hours, initial dipstick test, full lab analysis if needed, etc.). • Give information about bladder infections in children (e.g., common, caused by reluctance to pee/lack of hydration, etc.). Establish what advice the doctor gave the parent (hygiene, cotton underwear, unscented/unperfumed products, etc.). • Reassure the parent about the child not using the toilet at nursery (e.g., common phase, will grow out of it as she gets used to the teachers, etc.). Give advice on hydration (e.g., fruit, ice blocks, etc.).
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You are a 25-year-old apprentice who has a pilonidal sinus (cyst) scheduled for excision next week. You have quite a bit of pain, but you are embarrassed. You have seen the doctor, and you are discussing your treatment and preoperative documents with the nurse. TASK: Tell the nurse you feel weak because of this ailment but need painkillers more often than you take them. Emphasise how embarrassed you are and ask if you can still find out what a pilonidal sinus is since you didn’t pay attention when the doctor explained it. Argue that you are very clean and due to your work, you shower in the morning and have a bath at night. Ask what you need to do after the procedure. • Reassure the nurse that you will follow the doctor/nursing staff’s advice when in the hospital and adhere to the medication regime, rather than suffer pain.
NURSE. Role play. SETTING: General Practice
You are preparing a 25-year-old apprentice for excision of a pilonidal sinus (cyst) next week. The patient is in pain but is embarrassed about the problem and thinks taking medication to alleviate pain is a sign of weakness. You are discussing treatment and preoperative documents, following the doctor’s appointment. TASK: Express concern that the patient has pain and views taking analgesics as a “weakness.” Assure the patient that you understand the embarrassment, but doctors and nurses are used to a huge range of medical issues. Explain that a pilonidal sinus is a small opening, a tract on the surface of the skin predominantly caused by an ingrown hair, exacerbated by sweat and prolonged sitting. Reassure the patient that you were not indicating that he/she is dirty, and salt baths post-operatively will help facilitate healing. Provide information on post-operative care (e.g., bleeding, signs of infection, importance of taking analgesia appropriately, use of antiseptic dressings, etc.).
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The table below shows the proportion of income spent on 4 common items in the UK in 1998.
The proportion of income adults and children spent on 4 common items in the UK in 1998
food
electronic equipment
music
videos
adults
25%
5%
5%
1%
men
14%
10%
5%
2%
women
39%
1%
5%
0.5%
children
10%
23%
39%
12%
boys
9%
18%
38%
18%
girls
11%
5%
40%
17%
Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre
The provided table delineates the expenditure patterns of adults and children in the United Kingdom across four distinct categories (food, electronic equipment, music, and videos) during the year 1998, presented as percentages of their total earnings.
In summary, adults allocated a significant portion of their expenditures to food, contrasting with the minimal spending on videos. Children, on the other hand, showed a distinct pattern, emphasizing music spending over food.
Among adults, 25% of expenditures went to food, with men at 14% and women at 39%. Conversely, video spending was minimal, combining at 1%—0.5% for women and 2% for men. Music expenses, 5%, were evenly split at 5% between both genders. Electronic equipment constituted 5%, with women at 1% and men at 10%.
Among children, 39% of income went to music—boys 38%, girls 40%. Conversely, food received the smallest share at 10% (boys 9%, girls 11%). Electronic equipment constituted 23% of expenditures, with boys at 18% and girls at 5%. Videos were accounted for 12%, split with boys at 18% and girls at 17%.
List of vocabulary used:
Delineates: Describes or portrays something precisely; outlines.
Expenditure: The action of spending funds or the amount spent.
Patterns: Regular and repeated arrangements or trends in behavior or data.
Distinct: Recognizably different or unique.
Allocated: Distributed or assigned for a specific purpose.
Contrasting: Showing differences when compared; differing significantly.
Minimal: The least amount or degree; very small.
Emphasizing: Giving special importance or prominence to something.
Constituted: Made up or formed; composed.
Income: Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.
Share: The portion of something that is divided among a group.
Accounted for: Considered or included in a total.
Split: Divided into parts or sections.
Genders: The categories of male and female, often used in the context of social or cultural roles.
Percentage: A proportion expressed as a fraction of 100.
Significant: Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention.
Totaling: Adding up to a specific amount or sum.
Expenses: The costs incurred in the process of producing or consuming goods and services.
Allocated: Assigned or distributed to a particular purpose.
Income distribution: The way in which total income is divided among individuals or groups.
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Q. Write a letter to your friend from a different country. Invite him/her to a party at your home and include the following: • what the party is about • give directions on how to get to your place • suggest how to accommodate him/her Begin as follows: Dear … ,
Sample answer by Lifestyle Training Centre
Dear Matthew,
How’s it going? You don’t even call nowadays! I hope you are not too bad. How’s the pretty girlfriend of yours?
By the way, it’s my mom’s birthday next week, and I would love for you to join the party I’m organising. I’ve got it all figured out! The event will kick off with a poker tournament at 3 o’clock, lasting for about three hours. Following that, some friends and I will be enjoying good music and more.
If you recall the way to my place, fantastic! If not, here’s a quick reminder: Take bus number 13 at Central Station toward Mitchell’s Shopping Centre. After passing the Centre, alight at the bus stop just before the junction on the right. Walk about 100 meters along the same street, and you’ll spot my house at 67 Mitchell Street.
No need to worry about accommodation—I have a room reserved just for you. I am dying to meet with you.. Please do your best to come and early.
Q. You have had a problem with your next-door neighbour. You have not been able to speak to your neighbour about this. Write a letter to this neighbour. In your letter • Explain the problem • Suggest a solution • Say what action you will take if the situation does not improve Begin as follows: Dear … ,
Sample answer by Lifestyle Training Centre:
Dear Mr. Stafford,
I trust this letter finds you well. I am writing to address a concern affecting my daily life, seeking your assistance to resolve it amicably.
Recently facing redundancy, I spend much time at home. Unfortunately, disturbances caused by your children’s activities, including playing indoors and loud music, have made finding peace challenging.
While understanding children’s need for enjoyment, I hoped the situation would naturally improve. However, it seems to be escalating, prompting my letter.
I kindly request your assistance in speaking to your children about being mindful of the noise, as it affects others in the building. A simple explanation from you could make a significant difference.
I hope we can resolve this matter amicably without ill-feeling. If the situation persists, regrettably, I may need to explore involving the authorities to ensure a peaceful living environment. I hope it does not come to that, and your cooperation is greatly appreciated.
Q. You have just started a course in a college which has no sports facilities of its own. Write a letter to the manager of the nearest private sports club. In your letter: • introduce yourself • say why you are interested in this sports club • ask some questions about the club e.g. facilities, members, costs Begin as follows: Dear Sir or Madam,
Sample answer by Lifestyle Training Centre:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I trust this letter finds you well. I am a first-year student at Western College and recently discovered that our college currently lacks sports facilities. In light of this, I came across Snap Fitness as the nearest sports club and am keen to gather more information about its offerings.
Firstly, could you kindly provide an overview of the available facilities? I am particularly interested in whether the club offers sports classes and personal training sessions. Secondly, I would appreciate details about the size of the gym area and the types of equipment available.
Lastly, I am interested in understanding the membership options the club provides. Are there monthly or weekly ticket options, or is it necessary to commit to a more extended membership period?
I would be grateful if you could send the details to my email address. Thank you for your time and assistance in providing this information. I look forward to hearing from you.
The line graph below shows the consumption of 4 kinds of meat in a European country from 1979 to 2004.
Sample answer by Lifestyle Training Centre:
The provided line graph illustrates the weekly consumption, in grams, of chicken, beef, lamb, and fish by individuals in a European country over the period spanning from 1979 to 2004.
In general, it is evident that the consumption of chicken steadily increased over the specified period, whereas the intake of beef and lamb significantly declined. The consumption of fish, on the contrary, remained relatively stable, with a slight dip observed.
In 1979, an individual consumed just below 150 grams of chicken. Despite oscillating dramatically, the consumption evidently soared year by year and culminated around 250 grams by the year 2004. The consumption of fish, which was the lowest among all four categories at just above 50 grams per person, experienced a marginal downturn and lingered just under 50 grams by the year 2004.
The beef intake was approximately 220 grams in the year 1979, reaching a peak of around 240 grams by 1984, although there was a notable plummet to around 180 grams in between. From this point onward, the consumption plunged rapidly, despite sporadic but slight inclines. Lamb, despite being the second most consumed item at 150 grams in 1984, experienced a drastic diminution and reached around 60 grams by the year 2004.
