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Miss Elissa OET listening test
Miss Elissa OET listening test answer keys
Part A Extract 1: Questions 1 to 12
1. Acne
2. Oral contraceptive pill.
3. Penicillin
4. Alesse-28, 20 mcg-0.10 mg
5. Stress disorder
6. Caffeine
7. Keratotic Papule
8. Tetracycline 250 Mg
9. Oral antibiotic
10. Doxycycline
11. Antioxidants
12. Spearmint
Extract 2: Questions 13 to 24
13. Margaret Nicholson
14. Frequent Headaches
15. Persistent Cough
16. 5 Pounds
17. Urine Test
18. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
19. Legionella
20. Levofloxacin 750 Mg
21. 7 to 14 Days
22. Prevnar 13
23. Yoghurt
24. Lean Meat
Part B
25. C
26. B
27. B
28. B
29. B
30. C
Part C EX 1
31. A
32. B
33. C
34. B
35. C
36. B
Part C EX 2
37. B
38. A
39. B
40. C
41. B
42. B
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Test transcript
0:00extract one questions 1 to 12 for questions 1 to 12 complete the
0:08notes with a word or a short phrase you now have 30 seconds to look at the
0:28notes
0:47hello doctor yes Miss Alyssa what’s your problem I’m getting acne from
0:53continually washing the area around my chin right Temple and left temple and
0:58the condition is still worsening what’s your age
1:0419 how old were you when you started your period well it was when I was
1:1013 and can you describe the length of your cycle once in 24 days and it lasts
1:17for almost 6 days would you describe the flow as light or
1:24thick hm it’s light do you use any
1:31medication yeah I take the oral contraceptive pill are you allergic to any
1:38drugs yes allergic to penicillin I feel difficulty in
1:44breathing what are the medicines you are taking H Ali 28 20
1:52mcg10 milligram tablet is anyone in your family prone to
1:58any disease yeah my mom has stress disorder and
2:06anxiety do you smoke or drink I don’t smoke but I drink
2:13socially you drink caffeine yeah four servings a
2:19day hm your diagnosis report shows you have symptoms of periodic reing of face
2:26acne problems and allergies in a diagnosis of epican and apocrine glands shows no evidence of hyperhydrosis chrom
2:33hydrosis or Brom hydrosis but your face shows keratic papule I would suggest you
2:39go for antibiotic therapy take a tetracycline 250 MGR capsule I would
2:44also suggest you take an oral antibiotic therapy with doicy 100 milligrams a
2:50day doctor why does the acne occur acne is a skin condition that
2:57happens when your hair follicles become clogged with oil in dead skin cells it often results in blackheads or pimples
3:04whitee heads and often appears on the face chest forehead chin shoulders and upper back and shoulders most acne is
3:12most common among teenagers like you the Androgen hormones increase during
3:17puberty causing the sebaceous glands to enlarge and secrete more sebum hormonal changes during pregnancy and the use of
3:24oral contraceptives also impact sebum secretion moreover low amounts of Androgen circulate in the blood can
3:31still worsen acne medications such as drugs containing corticosteroids testosterone or lithium worsens the
3:38disease which food should I avoid doctor certain dietary factors such as skim
3:45milk and carbohydrate foods such as Bagels bread and potato chips worsen
3:51acne can you recommend any effective foods for acne you must stop eating
3:57processed sugar caffeine dairy product products and processed foods and you should include foods that are rich of
4:03antioxidants anti-inflammatory compounds and other acne fighting nutrients foods
4:09such as blueberries sweet potatoes green tea carrots cilantro spearmint oats apples barley and mustard
4:18greens okay thank you doctor thank
4:28you extract two questions 13 to 24 for
4:35questions 13 to 24 complete the notes with a word or a short phrase you may
4:41have 30 seconds to look at the
4:58notes
5:16good morning I’ve got an appointment with Dr Gonzalez at 8:30 okay please be
5:23seated let me check with your record in the meantime please sign in and be
5:28seated H Margaret Nicholson I’m here follow me
5:35to room number three please here we are what’s the reason for your visit
5:40today well lately I’ve been feeling really tired and often I get frequent headaches and an upset stomach moreover
5:48I’ve been getting a persistent cough for like the last three weeks when did these symptoms
5:55start I started feeling tired all the time about two months ago then a few
6:00days after that the headache started I got the upset stomach long before feeling the
6:06tiredness are you taking any medications only vitamins what vitamins
6:13are you taking I am taking vitamin C and a multivitamin tablet
6:19daily okay let me examine your Vital
6:24Signs how am I doing everything is normal no high temperature and your
6:30blood pressure is also normal please wait for a moment here thank you
6:36doctor I see here that you have started feeling tiredness two months ago and
6:41then frequent headaches you’re also suffering with an upset stomach and a persistent cough did you run a fever as
6:50well no doctor let me perform a quick physical
6:55checkup take a deep breath hold your breath for a for a moment and
7:01exhale repeat this again have there been any changes in
7:06your diet or your weight recently my diet is the same as usual however I lost
7:125 lbs very recently did you ever suffer from
7:18insomnia well it is pretty hard for me to fall asleep I also wake up often during the night do you drink or
7:27smoke no doctor
7:32well recently the ownership has changed and I had to work a lot of overtime at late hours even during the weekends I
7:38think you suffering from pneumonia other than that I do not see any other problem the reason could be
7:45probably the stress at your workplace that causes headaches upset stomach and sleeplessness for now try to relax
7:52yourself and start doing exercises meet me again after you receive all the medical diagnosis reports I’m going to
8:00prescribe medicines for bacterial pneumonia are you allergic to any
8:05medicine not to my knowledge I want you to do a blood test and urine test to identify the bacteria streptococus
8:12pneumoni and Legionella pneumophila is it something serious doctor not at all I
8:18doubt that could be bacterial pneumonia take lolicin 750 migrs orally every 24
8:25hours for 7 to 14 days I want know my cholesterol level
8:30when will I get the medical reports doctor you will get the medical results in 2 weeks don’t stress yourself
8:36everything will be okay can pneumonia be prevented doctor
8:42in most of the cases pneumonia can be prevented you can have a vaccine to
8:47defend against pneumonia once you get all these medical investigation reports I would suggest prear 13 pneumonia
8:54vaccine that is very effective against 13 types of bacterial pneumonia
8:59what food should I include in my diet doctor have plenty of fruit juice and fresh fruits yogurts milkshakes
9:06smoothies eat plenty of full cream milk or yogurt or even ice cream with light
9:12meals of lean meat fish or eggs and cooked vegetables thank you Doctor you
9:18are
9:26welcome that is the end of part a now look at Part
9:32B Part B in this part of the text you will hear six different extracts in each
9:39extract you will hear people talking in different Healthcare settings for
9:44questions 25 to 30 choose the answer a b
9:49or c which fits best according to what you here you’ll have time to read each
9:55question before you listen complete your answers as you listen now look at
10:02question 25 Now read the
10:20question skin cancers are caused by the abnormal cells that are capable enough
10:26to invade and spread to other parts of the body generally skin cancers are classified as melanoma or non-melanoma
10:33skin cancers such as basil cell carcinoma in squamous cell carcinoma in
10:39addition to less common types of tumors such as Merkel cell carcinoma lymphomas
10:45kosi saroma or hair and sweat gland tumors skin cancer symptoms include
10:50alterations in the appearance of a mole or spot on the skin or the developing of a new spot or lump on the skin it may
10:57also cause symptoms in signs such as itching skin ulcerations scaling
11:02swelling or bleeding
11:10Etc question 26 Now read the
11:27question depression is a sickness involving the body thoughts and mood that severely
11:34impacts the way a person sleeps eats behaves and the way one feels about oneself depressive disorders are
11:42categorized by pervasive mood swings that severely affect all aspects of an individual’s daily activities a
11:48depressive disorder is not just a mood swing but it is more of a case of persistent sadness certain symptoms of
11:55depression include feelings of worthlessness helpless lessness hopelessness guilty feeling lack of
12:02Interest irritability loss of appetite loss of energy self-loathing Sleep
12:07Disorders
12:16Etc question 27 Now read the
12:27question
12:39doctor should Frailty be considered before any operation in an older person Frailty is not just a phrase but a
12:45health metric that should be performed before the surgery to any older person I think the Frailty score is a very good
12:52concept it may dictate the objective of the surgery the Frailty score concept relates to the inexorable decline of
12:59physiological Reserve that is a normal consequence of the aging process we must consider that a healthy 60-year-old will
13:06not be as fit as a healthy 40-year-old individual when faced with the necessity to have surgery the Frailty concept
13:13really is more objective Frailty can be simply evaluated with a walking test
13:19such as a very slow walk at speed or an inability to walk very far giving a good
13:24approximation both patient and loved ones should consider the consequen of surgery before the procedure begins
13:31especially in the
13:37frail question 28 Now read the
13:57question doctor could you please explain to me the severity of epidermis Bosa in
14:03Children Well epidermal losis Bosa is a rare genetic condition in children the
14:09genes that cause epidermal losis Bosa may be present in other family members as well there are four major categories
14:16of epidermal losis Bosa in the case of epidermal Bosa Simplex there will be
14:22blistering mainly on the hands and feet with little scarring or without scarring at all when it becomes severe the
14:29patient will have more widespread blistering and other severe medical conditions like blistering in the mouth
14:34and digestive tract in the patients with milder junctional epidermal losis Bosa
14:40there will be limited blistering that often improves with age patients may also have hair loss and abnormal
14:46fingernails and toenails children are prone to have growth and malnutrition
14:52issues the scarring type of D trophic epidermal losis Bosa especially in mild cases the blistering is primarily found
14:59on elbows feet and hands when the disease becomes severe there is a higher
15:05risk of developing skin cancer as the patient gets older in the case of Kindler syndrome the patients have an
15:11increased sensitivity to sunlight in addition to
15:20blistering question 29 Now read the
15:27question
15:42clonus is a neurological condition that is suffered when the controlling nerve of the muscles are damaged causing
15:48involuntary muscle contractions often clonus spasms Ur in a rhythmic pattern
15:54symptoms are very common in a few muscles such as knees ank ankles wrist calves jaw biceps damaged nerves results
16:03in misfire leading to muscle tightness involuntary contractions and pain clonus
16:08causes a muscle pulse for an extended period that can result in muscle
16:20fatigue 30 Now read the
16:27question
16:42doctor I feel that a solution should be devised to cope with delirium in patients in ICU what do you think hopal
16:50has been used for a long time in patients in ICU in an attempt to prevent delirium a very severe and sometimes
16:57persistent acute confusion according to a recent study haloperidol
17:02is ineffective delirium is extremely prominent since it’s strongly associated
17:07with cognitive impairments for a long term significantly medications are the
17:12means that patients approach often However unfortunately it’s
17:17demonstrated that medications aren’t the right approach always or at least the
17:23haloperidol nevertheless for delirium there’s not going to be a miracle in terms of medication
17:39that is the end of Part B now look at part
17:47C part C in this part of the text you’ll hear two different extracts in each
17:54extract you’ll hear health professionals talking about aspects of the they work
17:59for questions 31 to 42 choose the answer a b or c which fits best according to
18:08what you hear complete the answers as you listen now look at extract one
18:16extract one questions 31- 36 you may have 90 seconds to read
18:23questions 31 to 36
19:55role of diabetes in the endstage renal disease of late diabetes has become the
20:02primary cause of endstage renal disease worldwide this is due to the fact that diabetes especially Diabetes Type 2 is
20:09increasing approximately 45% of new patients receiving Dialysis in the US are diabetic early diagnosis of diabetes
20:18and early intervention are crucial to prevent the progression towards renal failure seen in a significant percentage
20:24of type 2 diabetic patients and in many type 1 diabet ICS the presence of micro
20:30Alam minura is the early clinical evidence of diabetic neuropathy defined as the appearance of low but abnormal
20:37levels of albumin in the urine the characteristics of diabetic neuropathy are a decline in glomular filtration
20:44ratio Progressive increase in protein Ura hypertension and a high risk of
20:50cardiovascular morbidity therefore the evidence of micro albam and Ura should trigger diagnosis for possible vascular
20:57diseases and aggressive intervention to cope with all cardiovascular risk factors in diabetics type 1 and two the
21:04natural history of diabetic neuropathy progresses slowly over the years in type
21:101 diabetes micro albam menura occurs after 5 years and the endstage renal
21:15disease develops in 50% of type 1 diabetics whereas type 2 diabetics has a
21:21more variable course very few patients with micro alaman Ura progress to Advan
21:26renal disease with without intervention approximately 20% of patients of type 2 diabetes develop an end-stage renal
21:33disease however due to the increased number of type 2 diabetes patients compared to type 1 diabetes the maximum
21:40number of patients on dialysis are type 2 diabetics there are many factors which account for the pathophysiological of
21:47diabetic neuropathy primarily anatomical and structure changes in the kidney result in increased glomerular capillary
21:54pressure in diabetes which is associated with hyper filt ation at the glomerulus the next factor is the
22:01glucose that can increase the formation of advanced glycosilation and products by inversely binding to proteins in
22:08kidneys and circulation over the years these formed Advanced glycosilation and products which stimulate the growth in
22:15fibrotic factors contributing to overall renal damage thirdly ngot tensin 2
22:21contributes to the advancement of diabetic neuropathy by narrowing the ephrine arterial in the glumer sub
22:28subsequently resulting in higher glomerular capillary pressures while diagnosing diabetic
22:34neuropathy early investigation of glucose intolerance in diabetes to distinguished patients who are at risk
22:40for developing micro alamin Ura is suggested especially if they have other risks for type 2 diabetes such as lipid
22:48central obesity abnormalities or hypertension therefore the investigation
22:53of micro alamin Ura presence should be performed at diagnosis in patients with
22:59type 2 diabetes whereas in patients with type 1 diabetes since micro alamin Ura
23:05rarely occurs with short-term type 1 diabetes the diagnosis should begin after 5 years of disease according to
23:12the findings the microvascular complications developed During the prepubertal period of diabetes therefore
23:18clinical judgment should be demonstrated when individualizing these suggestions the object of diabetic
23:25neuropathy therapy involves multic clinical approaches tight glycemic control is the Keystone in the
23:31prevention and management of diabetic neuropathy the United Kingdom perspective diabetes study and diabetes
23:38control and complications trial have established that an intensive diabetes therapy can consider can considerably
23:45decrease the risk of micro alamin Ura and neuropathy development nonetheless
23:51blood pressure control is another Keystone in prevention and treatment in addition to glycemic control the
23:57significance of blood pressure control irrespective of what agent is used cannot be emphasized enough in diabetes
24:04both for slow progression of neuropathy and for preventing cardiovascular morbidity according to the recent joint
24:11National Committee guidelines blood pressure and diabetics is reduced to less than 130 over 80 mmhg it is very
24:18crucial for doctors and patients to understand early on the three or more agents ngot tensin receptor blockers or
24:25ensin converting enzyme Inhibitors are considered firstline agents in patients
24:31with co-c committ hypertension and diabetes diuretics might be added as a second line agent in many cases after
24:38Angiotensin blockade in diabetes di hydropod a class of calcium channel
24:44blockers may be considered as the third or fourth line agents in diabetics only
24:50after initiation of angot tensin blockade and diuretics there are also other non-pharmaceutical suggestions
24:57such as diary restriction of protein intake restrictions of protein to8 G per
25:02kilogram weight per day in patients with overt neuropathy or even 6 gam per
25:08kilogram weight per day is recommended in the case of declining glom rural filtration ratio moreover it is very
25:14essential to stick to a low sodium diet in diabetic neuropathy since many diabetics with renal disease are salt
25:21sensitive therefore restricting salt intake will certainly help in reaching blood pressure goals with secondary
25:27benefits of regression of left ventrical hypertrophy decreased stroke risk and reduction in protein Ura a recommended
25:34low sodium diet of 2.3 G daily in patients with diabetes in either hypertension or protein Ura moreover
25:42avoiding nephrotoxin agents such as radio contrast media non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is highly
25:49recommended last but not least annual diagnosis of micro alamin nuura in
25:54diabetics will allow the detection of neuropathy at an early stage stage improv glycemic control and intensive
26:01anti-hypertensive treatment will ultimately slow down the progression of diabetic
26:16neuropathy now look at extract two extract two questions 37 to 42 you now
26:24have 90 seconds to read questions 37 to 4
26:5622
28:01Alpha and beta phemia phemia is a hereditary disease of
28:06the red blood cells called aryes the disease is classified as
28:12hemoglobinopathy the genetic disorder results in the composition of an abnormal hemoglobin molecule the blood
28:18cells are prone to Mechanical injury and die easily many patients with phemia
28:23require periodic blood transfusions for their survival the thammi ins are
28:28classified based on the infection chain of the globin molecule the production of alpha globin is deficient in Alpha
28:35globin thymia while betaglobin is defective in beta Thalia Alpha thalmans lead to excess
28:42gamma chains in newborns and excess beta chain production in adults the excess beta chains produce unstable tetramers
28:49with abnormal oxygen disassociation curves alphal globin has four genetic
28:55locai the more of these Loi are effective or affected by the mutation the more serious the manifestation of
29:01the disease will be missing one locai or abnormal Gene makes a child a silent Alpha thymian carrier silent Alpha
29:09thymia carriers develop no symptoms or signs of the disease however are able to pass thymia onto their children missing
29:16two loai or mutated genes is a condition called Alpha thymia minor or having Alpha Thalia trait in this condition the
29:24red blood cells may be smaller than normal called microcytosis and at times may have very mild anemia the condition
29:32of missing three loai or mutated genes is called hemoglobin H disease symptoms
29:37and signs will be moderate to severe in the case that all four locai are affected the fetus cannot survive once
29:43outside the uterus resulting in still birth with hydrops Fatalis even if it is
29:49born alive it will die shortly after birth beta thymia occurs when the gene
29:55that controls the secretion of beta globin is defective beta thymia can result in anemia ranging from mild to
30:02severe and is very common in people of African South Asian and Mediterranean descent alphal globin along with
30:08betaglobin is one of the proteins that composes hemoglobin betaglobin is made on chromosone 11 beta Thalia is
30:15classified into three major categories depending on the number of mutated beta globin genes and the intensity of the
30:21mutations beta Thalia trait or beta phalia minor occurs when one of the beta
30:27genes are mutated typically patients with this condition have very mild signs and symptoms that don’t require any
30:34treatment however they can pass on phemia to their children usually the patients are mildly anemic and their red
30:40blood cells are smaller than normal a condition called microcytosis beta phalia major occurs
30:47when both of the beta globin genes are altered and the mutations are severe this is the most severe condition of
30:54beta Thalia children with beta Thalia a major often appear healthy immediately
30:59after birth but start developing symptoms within the subsequent 2 years of their life this condition results in
31:05severe symptoms with life-threatening anemia requiring periodic blood transfusions mutations of both the
31:12betaglobin genes may also result in beta Thalia intermediate however the
31:17mutations are less severe than beta Thalia major patients with this condition usually have moderately severe
31:24anemia and at times require periodic blood trans trans
31:37fusions that is the end of part C you now have 2 minutes to check your
31:47answers that is the end of this listening test thank you very much for
31:53practicing this test with lifestyle Training Center you can now check in the
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IETLS agree disagree essay. Companies and social responsibilities
Do you agree or disagree that companies have a social responsibility to give back to their communities and support local initiatives?
Model essay by Lifestyle Training Centre
It is a fundamental question that whether business entities should solely focus on profit making or they should also aid the communities that they are located in and help them develop. I firmly believe that businesses should help uplifting people in their surroundings. In this essay, I will delve into the ethical and practical reasons behind this notion.
Firstly, businesses are supposed to bring prosperity to a society in many ways. One of the primary ways in which a business can help a community is by offering jobs to the locals. In this way, companies will be able to marginalise or completely wipe out unemployment from the areas they are located. One of the fine examples of this is none other than the renowned Tata motors business in India, which has not only marked its name globally but also has uplifted the lives of its employees, providing them housing and free education, has also totally transformed the places their companies are located by making roads and bring in various infrastructures.
Secondly, it is suggested that big companies should also uplift sprouting and small scale industries, businesses as well individuals. This can be achieved by delegating a portion of work to these small entities. Many well-known businesses practice this in reality. For example, a car manufacturing company can assign it’s leather production to a local business. By doing so, it not only reduces its workload but also facilitates the growth of dependent small-scale businesses.
To conclude, business entities, apart from making profit for themselves, should also aim to bring prosperity to their community by offering job vacancies, bringing in infrastructures, and by delegating their works to small scale and upcoming businesses. By working together in this way, we will be able to make the world a better place where businesses and communities are interconnected and take part in the benefit from it from each other.
Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina OET listening test
ATTEMPT THE TEST
ANSWER KEYS
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Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina OET listening test answers
Answer keys:
1. First-degree Atrioventricular Block
2. Pacemaker Placement
3. Nauseated And Light Headed
4. Carotid Dopplers
5. Proscar 5 Mg
6. Synthroid 0.2 Mg
7. Respiratory Rate 16
8. 2 Through 12 Are Intact
9. R
10. Vibration And Proprioception
11. Transient Ischemic Attack.
12. Lumbar Stenosis
13. Codman-hakim Shunt
14. Coughing, Straining, And Sneezing
15. Motrin 800 Mg Twice A Day
16. Frontal Region Of Head
17. Feeling Of Ringing In The Ears
18. Intermittent Blurry Vision
19. Extraocular Movements
20. Farther Down From The Shunt Reservoir
21. Little Bit Of Dry Blood
22. Shunt Adjustment Back After An Mri
23. PseudotumorCerebri Without Papilledema
24. Skull X-ray
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. A
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. A
33. B
34. A
35. C
36. B
37. C
38. A
39. C
40. A
41. B
42. C
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View the listening transcript:
:00[Music]
0:14part a for questions 1 to 24 complete the notes with the information you hear
0:21now look at the notes for extract one extract one questions one to twelve
0:28you hear a doctor talking to a patient called polina for questions 1 to 12
0:34complete the following notes with a word or short phrase you have 30 seconds to
0:40look at the notes
1:10hello good morning doctor good morning tell me what’s your problem well i have a history of first degree atrial
1:17ventricular block and had a pacemaker placement i feel this problem of
1:22decreased eye vision last time the problem lasted for about five minutes
1:28that occurred four weeks ago when i was driving the car then how did you manage to drive
1:34well i was able to pull the car over to the side of the road without much trouble during that time i felt nauseated and
1:41light-headed when i approached the clinic at that time and received a ct scan corrupted doppler’s echocardiogram
1:50and neurological evaluation all of which were unremarkable i couldn’t have an mri
1:56due to the pacemaker placement okay did that occur again no doctor any lesions
2:03or change in vision headaches change in gait or other neurological issues no
2:08doctor do you have any back pain bowel or bladder incontinence or frank lower
2:13extremity weakness no doctor what’s your age 57 doctor do you drink or smoke i
2:21don’t smoke but i drink alcohol only on some special occasions
2:26any past illness or surgeries i had pacemaker placement for atrial
2:31ventricular block and i had bilateral knee replacement three years ago and
2:37have some pain in my knees what medications are you taking i have recently started on plavix suggested by
2:45primary care doctor other than that baby aspirin 81 milligrams per day proscar 5
2:52milligrams gd and synthroid 0.2 milligrams daily are you allergic to any
2:58medication no doctor well your physical examination shows your blood pressure at
3:03134 over 80. your heart rate 60 respiratory rate 16 and weight is 244
3:11pounds cranial nerves 2 through 12 are intact and you have normal bulk and tone
3:17throughout there’s no cogwheeling there is some minimal weakness at the r4 plus
3:22or five and possibly trace weakness at the quadriceps negative five or five
3:28you have decreased sensation to vibration and proprioception and vibration there
3:34is no dysmetria or tremor noted his romberg is negative
3:40you have developed transient ensemic attack the character of his brief episode of visual loss is concerning for
3:47compromise of the posterior circulation differential diagnosis include
3:52hyperprofusion stenosis and dissection you have lumbar stenosis the symptoms
3:58are very mild and consist mainly of some mild proximal upper extremity weakness and very mild gait instability you have
4:06to get a ct angiogram to evaluate the integrity of the cerebrovascular system
4:14extract two questions 13-24 you hear a physician talking to a
4:20patient called mrs emeline pethick for questions 13-24 complete the following
4:26notes with a word or short phrase you now have 30 seconds to look at the
4:31notes
5:03hello good morning doctor good morning tell me what’s your problem well i have
5:08a codman shunt set at 90 millimeters h2o
5:13recently i’m getting acute onset of headaches and it’s worsening day by day
5:19i am unable to sleep the pain is constant and is worse with coughing straining and sneezing as well as
5:26standing up what’s your age 40 doctor did you take any medicines then yeah
5:32i’ve tried taking immatrics as well as motrin 800 milligrams twice a day
5:38but it has not provided much relief although the pain is generalized it is
5:43quite intense in the frontal region of head i get a feeling of ringing in the
5:48ears i have been experiencing intermittent blurry vision and dimming lights as well do you drink or smoke no
5:56doctor well i’ve reviewed your diagnosis reports your physical exam reports show
6:02blood pressure at 153 over 86 pulse at 63 and respiratory rate 16
6:09cranial nerves intact for extraocular movements the shut site is clean dry and intact
6:16you have a small three millimeter to four millimeter round scab that was noted farther down from her shunt
6:22reservoir it looks like there’s a little bit of dry blood there the worsening headaches
6:28are secondary to shunt adjustment back after an mri you have pseudotumor cereby without
6:34papillodemma and migraine headaches well your shunt back program to 90
6:40millimeter h2o last time was after confirmation of an x-ray however it
6:45seems the picture of the x-ray last time was not most desirable therefore i’m
6:50planning the shunt back to 90 millimeter h2o again tomorrow so you have to have another skull x-ray
6:57to confirm the shunt back program to 90 millimeter h2o that is the end of part a
7:05now look at part b in this part of the test you will hear six different
7:10extracts in each extract you’ll hear people talking in a different healthcare environment for questions 25 to 30
7:18choose the answer a b or c which fits best according to what you hear
7:23you will have time to read each question before you listen to the audio complete the answers as you listen to the audio
7:32now look at the question 25. you hear a discussion between a doctor and nurse
7:38about different complications following heart attack
7:56hello doctor what types of complications are expected following heart attack well
8:02there are two types of complications that can occur following a heart attack the first problem occurs pretty much
8:08straight away and the second complication occurs later on immediate complications following a
8:14heart attack are arrhythmias is the immediate complications in which the heart beats irregularly either too fast
8:21or too slowly cardiogenic shock is when the patient’s blood pressure drops suddenly therefore the heart cannot
8:28supply adequate blood for the body to function properly hypoxemia is the condition when the
8:34oxygen levels in the blood become too low pulmonary edema occurs when the fluid accumulates in and around the
8:41lungs deep vein thrombosis occurs when the deep veins of the legs and pelvis
8:46develop blood clots that either block or interrupt the flow of blood in the vein myocardial rupture occurs when the heart
8:53attack damages the wall of the heart that has an increased risk of a heart wall rupture
8:59ventricular aneurysm is when a heart chamber called a ventricle forms a bulge
9:09question 26 you hear the discussion between two doctors about the impacts of
9:15acute kidney injury
9:32what are the impacts of acute kidney injury doctor acute kidney injury is a
9:37common and severe complication of surgery especially cardiac surgery often the complication is associated
9:44with higher rates of morbidity mortality and cardiovascular events longer
9:49hospital length of stay and higher cost during stage one there will be an
9:54increase in serum creatinine of 1.5 to 1.9 times baseline an absolute increase
10:02of at least 0.3 milligrams per deciliter or urine output of less than 0.5
10:07milliliters per kilogram per hour for 6 to 12 hours during stage 2 of acute kidney injury
10:14there will be an increase in serum creatinine of 2.0 to 2.9 times baseline
10:20or urine output less than 0.5 milliliters per kilogram per hour for 12
10:25or more hours during stage 3 of the condition there will be an increase in serum creatinine
10:31of three times baseline an absolute increase of at least four milligrams per deciliter initiation of renal
10:38replacement therapy urine output less than 0.3 milliliters per kilogram per hour for 24 hours or more or anuria for
10:4612 or more hours
10:54question 27 you hear a discussion between two doctors about acquired
10:59melanocytic nevvy
11:16hello doctor what are acquired melanocytic navy acquired melanocytic
11:22nevi are clumps of melanocytes that originate during childhood but manifest during 30 to 40 years of age
11:29junctional nevi form macules with the skin markings becoming slightly more prominent they are circular flat lesions
11:36with a uniform brown coloration they have litiginous cells which are round or
11:41oval or spindle shaped dermal nebu are raised pale brown or
11:46skin colored lesions and often hairy having focal globules and fine vessels
11:52or pale areas pseudohorn cysts may be seen the cells are epithelid with
11:58amphophyllic cytoplasm and the melanin is in granules compound nevi may be
12:04raised with a wart-like surface in certain cases and are usually lighter brown than junctional nevi are they have
12:10round or oval globals of pigment and these may form cobblestone patterns
12:21question 28 you hear a discussion between a doctor and nurse about amblyopia
12:42hello doctor can you explain what is an amblyopia well amblyopia is the medical
12:49term for lazy eye that refers to a condition in children where the vision in one eye fails to develop adequately
12:56this usually affects ability of the child to see using the weaker eye in strabismic amblyopia a squint
13:04develops due to a mismatch between the muscles that support the position of the eyes
13:09therefore the brain ignores the eye that is not straight and relies on the images
13:14generated by the stronger eye in a condition called anti-somitropic amblyopia the refractive error is
13:21greater in one eye than the other eye therefore the brain ignores the more farsighted eye and relies instead on the
13:28eye that provides a clearer picture however the weaker eye remains straight therefore the defect may go unnoticed by
13:35the parents or primary care doctor in the condition called deprivation or occlusion amblyopia one eye is deprived
13:42of vision due to the development of a blockage such as a cataract the ocular media becomes opaque
13:49preventing visual information from reaching the brain
13:58question 29 you hear a discussion about mille area
14:17hello doctor what is malieria well miliaria is the conditions associated with sweat
14:24retention in the skin when the flow of sweat is obstructed the sweat stays trapped within the skin
14:31instead of moving out from the sweat glands to the surface of the skin developing various symptoms and signs
14:37including skin lesions miliary crystalline also called pseudomena describes sweat duct
14:44obstruction in the uppermost epidermis where the sweat is retained to form subcornial vesicles these clear
14:51non-inflamed fluid-filled blisters and papules rupture easily and even light
14:56rubbing can cause them to break miliaria rubra also called prickly heat
15:02and refers to the retention of sweat that moves into the middle layers of the epidermis and the upper dermis resulting
15:09in itching and redness around the sweat pores miliaria pustulosa occurs when the
15:14melaria rubra develops as inflamed pustules miliaria profunda occurs when
15:20the sweat moves from the ducts into the dermis hard flesh-colored painful papules
15:25develop that are much larger and more deeply located than the papules seen in miliaria rubra
15:37question 30 you hear a lecture about different type of stents
15:56we see today what is stent and what are the different types of stents
16:02stent is a splint that is placed inside a duct blood vessel or canal temporarily
16:08to aid healing or relieve an obstruction primarily they are used to keep narrowed
16:13blood vessels open and patent to allow sufficient blood flow or bodily fluid
16:20coronary stents are a tubular mesh-like device that do not have any embedded
16:25medications in them drug-eluting stents are coated with medications to prevent inflammation and
16:32retinosis of the artery on a long-term basis a urinary stent is used to hold open the
16:39ureter in cases where it is narrowed your readers are long tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
16:45where it is stored until it is emptied and prostatic stent is used to open up
16:52the narrowing caused by an enlarged prostate pushing against the urethra preventing the normal outflow of urine
16:58peripheral vascular stents are used to keep blood vessels outside the coronary arteries open
17:05stent grafts are tubular devices made up of a special fabric that is supported by
17:10a rigid metal stent these are mainly used for vascular surgeries such as to
17:16repair abdominal aortic aneurysm stents can also be used to keep the food
17:21pipe of the esophagus open in case of esophageal constriction and biliary
17:26stents can be used to maintain adequate drainage of bile into the intestine
17:35that is the end of part b now look at part c
17:40part c in this part of the test you’ll hear two different extracts in each extract
17:46you’ll hear health professionals talking about specific aspects of their work
17:51for questions 31 to 42 choose the answer a b or c which fits best according to
17:58what you hear complete the answers as you listen to the audio
18:03now look at extract one extract one questions 31-36
18:11you hear the discussion between a senior doctor and junior doctors on epidermal
18:16nevi you have 90 seconds to read questions 31-36
19:52hello doctor can you please explain different types of epidermal navy
19:57epidermal nevi are categorized based on their clinical features by the site of
20:02occurrence and their extent of spread however mostly they are categorized
20:08based on the epidermal cell that predominates in the lesion in certain patients multiple epidermal
20:14nevy occur along with systemic abnormalities and they form the epidermal nevis syndromes
20:21based on the occurrence patterns epidermal nevi are categorized differently despite the similarity in
20:27their microscopic appearance nevis varicosis occurs as a single or
20:32multiple lesions but always localized nevis urineous latteris occurs as a
20:37linear pattern of lesions ichthyosis histrix are generalized lesions however
20:43epidermal nevi are also classified by their cell of origin nevis sebaceous are
20:49quite common and are made up of sebaceous glands with or without hair follicles they’re found commonly on the
20:56scalp but also on the extremities or trunk and are pale yellow in color with
21:01a smooth hairless surface they are present in infants though they may manifest only after puberty or in
21:08childhood one fourth of the cases eventually give rise to tumors and are mostly benign
21:14often it is connected with the occurrence of schimel penning syndrome phacomatosis pigmento caricottaca
21:21didamos a plastic sebaceous and scalp syndrome carotenosinic epidermal nevis
21:26are also called non-organized epidermal never and are quite common among this
21:32group of lesions they follow the lines of blasco and begin as brownish macules
21:38thicken and darken with age to become plaques they may be defined as linear or
21:43varicose based on their appearance other variants include the epidermolytic epidermal nervous the acantholytic
21:50epidermal nervous and the systemized epidermal nevis nevis comedonicus are formed of
21:57proliferated dilated keratinized follicles often inflamed or showing signs of infection as a result of
22:03blockage forming blackheads and pitting is often seen it may be associated with
22:09brain abnormalities bone defects and cataracts the angora hair nevis is
22:14remarkable for the long and soft white hair like angora wool that grows from it
22:20it may be associated with other defects of the brain and bones the becker nevis
22:25is a dark patch of hairy skin that appears like a checkerboard shape becoming larger and darker after puberty
22:32due to androgen dependent nature often it is found on the upper part of the back or on the shoulders it is linked
22:39with other skeletal muscular defects forming the becker nevis syndrome inflammatory linear varicose epidermal
22:46nevis is linear and forms plaques usually unilateral they are usually pruritic and appear
22:53inflamed and hyperkeratotic the first appearance is after six months
22:58of age porocherotic ecron nevis appears as warty keratotic popular lesions mostly
23:06on the palms and soles but in some cases they may appear all over the skin
23:21now look at extract two questions 37-42
23:27you hear the discussion of a physician with junior doctors on different types of gang green
23:33you have 90 seconds to read questions 37-42
25:08hello doctor can you explain different types of gangrene well the term gangrene refers to the
25:15death of tissues due to lack of blood supply and deeper invasion of infected
25:20tissues which are broadly classified into two categories dry and wet gangrene
25:26although there are many types of gangrene all types of gangrene manifest either as dry or wet form
25:34in the dry gangrene there is obstruction or slowing of blood flow into the organ
25:39or part of the body that is affected peripheral parts like toes fingers nose
25:45tip earlobes etc are commonly involved often dry gangrene is seen in patients
25:51of type 1 and type 2 diabetes where long term high blood sugar damages the small
25:57arteries and blood vessels that supply blood to the end parts of the body such
26:02as fingers and toes resulting in obstruction and slowing of blood flow and ultimately gangrene
26:09in patients with dyslipidemia or high cholesterol there is a risk of cholesterol deposition and lipids called
26:16plaques within the blood vessels in the peripheries such as fingers and toes
26:21this leads to decrease in the blood vessel diameters by narrowing of the lumen resulting in formation of gangrene
26:29patients with peripheral arterial disease develop fatty acid deposits or develop narrowing of peripheral blood
26:35vessels certain conditions include scleroderma and raynaud’s disease where the blood supply is restricted to leg or
26:43hand muscles resulting in gangrene dry gangrene is usually identified by
26:48cold painless and dry and shriveled up affected part however there will be
26:53healthy skin surrounding them the area affected appear mummified
26:59what gangrene occurs due to infection and invasion of bacteria into deeper
27:04tissues after injuries foot ulcers frostbites or burns there is excessive swelling of the
27:10affected part due to release of the toxins from the invading bacteria resulting in blockage of the blood
27:17supply and worsening of the infection as the white blood cells cannot reach the area affected via blood vessels
27:25wet gangrene spreads much quicker than dry gangrene and may result in life-threatening complications like
27:31septic shock wet gangrene appears discolored or black and often with acute
27:37and excruciating pain there are black blisters and foul-smelling pus beneath the thin skin at the area
27:45since the infection is associated with discharge of pus it is called wet gangrene
27:51gas gangrene is caused by bacteria called clostridium that is found in
27:56spores present in the soil gas gangrene was a common cause of death
28:01in the wars the gangrene is caused by the toxins released by the bacteria
28:07gas gain green is further categorized into three types traumatic gas gain
28:12green occurring after injury non-traumatic gas gangrene recurrent gas
28:17gangrene caused by c perfringens species of bacteria necrotizing fasciitis is a deep tissue
28:25infection caused by bacteria like staphylococcus or streptococcus
28:30the bacteria spreads deep into the skin and into the tissues and attacks the
28:35soft tissue and the fascia which is a sheath of tissue covering the muscle
28:40this can occur in an extremity following a minor trauma or due to the opportunity
28:46for the bacteria to enter the body such as surgery the necrotizing fasciitis
28:51infection known as flesh eating bacteria is most common with minor trauma a mixed
28:57bacterial infection is often the cause after surgery internal gangrene is caused when blood
29:04supply to an internal organ is hampered usually by pressure from another organ or growth for instance in hernia there
29:12is an abdominal opening where the intestine may get blocked and the blocked area turns gangrenous noma or
29:19cancrum oris affects the face fournier’s gangrene is a rare but
29:24life-threatening condition affecting the penis and genitalia this disease has been shown to have a
29:30predilection for patients with diabetes as well as long-term alcohol misuse
29:36however the disease can also affect patients with non-obvious immune compromise
29:41the development and progression of the four nearest gangrene is often fulminating and can quickly cause
29:47multiple organ failure and mortality due to such potential complications it
29:53is crucial to diagnose the disease process as early as possible death rate is very high despite
30:00antibiotics and aggressive debridement and broadly accepted as the standard treatment mullany’s synergistic gangrene
30:07is a rare type seen in patients after surgery mullany’s synergistic gangrene
30:13is caused by s aureus and streptococcus organisms one of the recognizable
30:18symptoms is the presence of extremely painful lesions that usually form in the second week after surgery or minor
30:25trauma
30:37that is the end of part c you now have two minutes to check your answers
30:58[Music]
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RONGOMANI WHENUA OET listening
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RONGOMANI WHENUA OET LISTENING ANSWER KEYS:
1. With Heartbeat Sounds
2. Weird Sounds In Left Ear
3. Left Nephrectomy
4. Mastoidectomy
5. Excedrin
6. Codeine And Penicillin
7. Mastoidectomy Scar On Left Ear
8. Eustachian Tube Disorder
9. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
10. Deviated Nasal Septum
11. Nasacort Aq Nasal Spray
12. Myringotomy Or Ear Tube Placement
13. After Removing The Sweaty Socks
14. Frequent Ear Infections
15. Surgical Ear Tubes
16. Accessing Adhesive Tape
17. Maternal Aunt Has Migraines
18. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
19.Posterior Tibial Artery Pulse
20. Varicosities
21. Erythema And Scaling
22. Muscle Strength Is 5/5
23. Koh Test Shows No Visible Microbes
24. Griseofulvin 250 Mg
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. C
29. A
30. B
31. A
32. C
33. C
34. A
35. B
36. A
37. B
38. C
39. B
40. A
41. C
42. A
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Listening transcript
0:14for questions 1 to 24 complete the notes with the information you hear now look at the notes for extract one
0:22extract one questions one to twelve you hear a doctor talking to a patient
0:28called rongamai whenua for questions 1-12 complete the following notes with a word or short
0:35phrase you now have 30 seconds to look at the notes
1:13hello doctor good morning good morning what’s your problem well
1:18i have a headache and pulsatile tinnitus for the past three months i’ve been
1:23getting severe headaches and almost daily i’m getting pulsations in the head with
1:28heartbeat sounds exactly at which point of your head do you feel pain on top of my head are you getting nausea
1:36or vomiting associated with the headaches no doctor is there any previous history
1:41of headaches no doctor but apart from last three months
1:46what’s your age 44 doctor when i speak on the phone i get weird sounds in my left ear i get
1:54pulsating sounds only in left ear when did this problem start actually well
1:59actually the ear pulsations began following a flight trip to my native place
2:04is there any drop or change in hearing no doctor but i had dizzy episodes in the past
2:12with nausea being imbalanced at times is there any change in your vision
2:17no doctor well do you smoke or drink i do not consume alcohol but i used to
2:23smoke one pack a day and now i have completely stopped it have you had any previous illness or
2:29surgeries i had skin cancer on my arm and back i am a kidney donor so i had a left
2:36nephrectomy c-sections mastoidectomy laparoscopy and
2:42temporal arthritis what medications are you taking tylenol excedrin
2:49and a multivitamin and probiotic are you allergic to any medicine yes to codeine and penicillin tell me
2:56your family history of illness well my father has a cancer hypertension and
3:01heart disease your physical examination shows your blood pressure at 120 over 78 pulse 64
3:09and regular and the temperature is 97.4 cardiovascular tests shows regular heart
3:15rate and rhythm without murmur there is an old mastoidectomy scar on your left ear weber exam is midline
3:22grossly hearing is intact you have pulsatile tinnitus left ear with eustachian tube disorder
3:29as the etiology there’s also a possibility of normal pressure hydrocephalus deviated naval
3:35septum dizziness probably due to possible mean yard disease i would recommend you to start a 2 gram
3:42less sodium diet i am ordering a carotid ultrasound study as part of the workup and evaluation
3:48since your disease is related to eustachian tube i’m prescribing nasocort aq nasal spray one spray each nostril
3:55daily you use the hearing protection devices at all times i will recheck you in three
4:01weeks if the pulsatile tinnitus does not improve then i would recommend other treatments including mirinotomy or ear
4:08tube placement you have to undergo for an audio and tympanogram prior to the treatment
4:13procedure
4:25extract 2 questions 13 to 24 you hear a physician talking to a
4:31patient called sampanguida for questions 13 to 24 complete the following notes
4:36with a word or short phrase you now have 30 seconds to look at the notes
5:12hello doctor good morning good morning what’s your problem well doctor i have itchy red rash on my
5:20feet okay what’s your age 21 doctor tell me if you have developed any
5:25associating symptoms or signs it is tingling persistently doctor
5:31since how long have you had this problem for the past four weeks
5:37exactly on which part of your foot you are getting this problem right great toe right second toe right
5:44third toe and right fourth toe often the onset of itching starts after
5:50removing sweaty socks do you drink or smoke i do not smoke but i do drink have you
5:56had any diseases in the past well i had chickenpox and frequent ear
6:01infections you had any surgeries as well i have surgical ear tubes
6:07do you take any medications no doctor are you allergic to any medicine or substances
6:13well i get a severe rash when i access adhesive tape any of your family members have any
6:19history of illness my paternal grandmother is having cataracts and my maternal aunt has
6:25migraines well your physical examination reports show blood pressure 110 over 64.
6:32respiratory rate is 18 heart rate is 66 and temperature is 98.6
6:38lower extremities is warm to cool proximal to distal the dorsalis pedis artery pulse palpable
6:45bilateral posterior tibial artery pulse palpable bilateral no edema observed
6:52varicosities are not observed right great toe right second toe right third toe and right fourth toenail show
6:58erythema and scaling muscle strength is 5 out of 5 for all groups tested
7:04muscle tone is normal inspection and palpation of bones joints and muscles is unremarkable
7:10you have developed tinea pedis a fungal culture of skin from right toes
7:16koh test shows no visible microbes i’m prescribing loturman af one percent
7:22cream to apply four times a day ingrecio fulvin 250 milligrams po once
7:28in eight hours for four weeks
7:41that is the end of part a now look at part b
7:52part b in this part of the test you will hear six different extracts in each extract you’ll hear people
7:58talking in a different healthcare environment for questions 25 to 30 choose the answer
8:04a b or c which fits best according to what you hear you will have time to read each question
8:11before you listen to the audio complete the answers as you listen to the audio
8:16now look at question 25 you hear a discussion about different types of different types of kidney
8:22cancers now read the question
8:42hello doctor can you brief me about different types of kidney cancers well like any other cancer kidney cancer
8:49starts when the normal cells in one or both kidneys mutate and grow aggressively forming a tumor or mass
8:57which can be benign or malignant kidney cancers that have originated
9:02elsewhere and metastasized to the kidney are clear cell adenocarcinoma
9:08transitional cell carcinoma from the bladder renal lymphoma inverted papilloma
9:14carcinosarcoma teratoma and carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis
9:20renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for 80 to 85 percent of all cases
9:28this develops within the microscopic filtering systems of the kidney which are the tiny tubes that carry the urine
9:35to formation transitional cell carcinoma also known as urothelial carcinoma usually begins
9:42in the area where urine collects before moving to the bladder pathologically this cancer is similar to
9:48bladder cancer and is treated like bladder cancer kidney sarcoma is a rare form of kidney
9:54cancer that is usually treated with surgery and chemotherapy sarcomas may be large and usually does
10:01not spread wilm’s tumor is a common type of kidney cancer that occurs among children and is
10:08treated differently than kidney cancers in adults common treatments for wilms tumors are
10:14radiation therapy and chemotherapy squamous cell carcinoma
10:19juxtaglomerular cell tumor or renanoma bellini duct carcinoma mesoblastic
10:26nephroma mixed epithelial stromal tumors or other types of kidney cancers
10:38question 26 you hear the discussion between two doctors about types of perforations during
10:45endoscopic retrograde colangio pancreatography
10:50now read the question
11:07doctor can you explain the types of perforations during endoscopic retrograde colangio cholangiopancreatography
11:15well although perforation is an unusual complication of endoscopic retrograde
11:21cholangiopancreatography the diseases of the duodenum and common
11:27bile duct can increase the risk of perforation during endoscopic retrograde
11:34cholangiopancreatography there are four types of perforations during endoscopic retrograde colangio
11:41pancreatography based on etiology inside of perforation
11:46type 1 is perforation of the lateral or medial duodenal wall
11:51caused due to excessive pressure from the endoscope or its acute angulation
11:56type 2 perforation is peri-ampullary injury often associated with
12:02sphincterotomy or difficulty accessing the biliary tree type 3 perforation is injury to the
12:08common bile duct or pancreatic duct caused by instrumentation
12:13type 4 perforation is the presence of retroperitoneal free air with no
12:19evidence of actual perforation this is usually an incidental finding and is of little or no clinical
12:24consequence
12:32question 27 you hear a discussion between two doctors about clinical manifestations of
12:39alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency now read the question
13:02hello doctor what are the clinical manifestations of alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency well alpha-1 anti-trypsin
13:09deficiency is associated with two major clinical manifestations emphysema resulting from the loss of the
13:16proteolytic protection of the lung by alpha-1 antitrypsin the toxic loss of function
13:22other clinical manifestations of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency include pentacolitis and an association with
13:29cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis
13:41question 28 you hear a discussion between a doctor and a nurse about autoimmune liver
13:47disease now read the question
14:07hello doctor what are the autoimmune liver disease well autoimmune hepatitis primary
14:13biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are the three most common forms of
14:19autoimmune liver disease autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by high levels of serum alanine amino
14:26transferase and esparta amino transferase whereas primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing
14:33cholangitis are associated with predominant elevations of alkaline phosphatase since they are
14:40cholestatic disorders primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis are associated with
14:46autoantibodies in the serum such as antinuclear antibody smooth muscle antibody and anti-mitochondrial
14:53antibody primary sclerosing cholangitis usually affects the extra hepatic biliary system
15:00thus if it is present abnormalities can be seen on imaging
15:10question 29 you hear a discussion about brain chemicals involved in mood regulation
15:16now read the question
15:36hello doctor what are the brain chemicals involved in mood regulation well basically there are three molecules
15:43chemically known as monoamines that are involved in mood regulation
15:48serotonin has been coined the brain’s feel-good chemical norepinephrine is another
15:53neurotransmitter connected with depression and how alert the feelings are a low level of norepinephrine is
15:59considered to be associated with the brain fog that many people with depression experience
16:04whereas low levels of dopamine in a part of the brain called the substantia
16:10associated with parkinson’s disease but there is much more to dopamine in the frontal lobes of the brain it is
16:16associated with complex thinking and problem solving in fact it is considered that the stimulatory effects of chemicals such as
16:23nicotine and cocaine are related to their effects on the dopamine mediated reward centers in the brain
16:36question 30 you hear a discussion about different types of gastric juices
16:41now read the question
17:01hello doctor what are the different types of gastric juices well the food we swallow mixes with gastric juices
17:08secreted by special glands in the lining of the stomach they include the cardiac glands at the
17:13top part of the stomach the auxintic glands in the main part of the stomach and the plyoric glands in the antrum or
17:20lowest part of the stomach therefore each of the glands contains cells that produce specific components
17:27that are called the gastric juices next cells produce bicarbonate and mucus
17:33parietal cells generate hydrochloric acid chief cells produce pepsinogen and
17:40enteroendocrine cells generate various hormones hydrochloric acid is a strong acid
17:46secreted by the parietal cells and it lowers the ph level of the stomach to around two
17:52hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen into pepsin and breaks various nutrients
17:57apart from the food we eat it also destroys bacteria that comes along with a food
18:03gastric lipase is another digestive enzyme made by the chief cells
18:08it helps break down short and medium chain fats amylase is also found in gastric juices
18:14but it isn’t made by the stomach this enzyme comes from saliva and
18:19travels along the bolus into the stomach amylase breaks down carbohydrates but
18:25doesn’t have much time to work on the stomach because the acidity stops it intrinsic factor is secreted by the
18:32parietal cells and is necessary to absorb vitamin b12 this is essential for healthy nervous
18:39system function and blood cell production finally the gastric juices contain water and mucus
18:46the mucus is secreted by the neck cells and helps coat and protect the stomach lining from the acid environment
19:04that is the end of part b now look at part c
19:15part c in this part of the test you’ll hear two different extracts in each extract you’ll hear health
19:21professionals talking about specific aspects of their work for questions 31 to 42 choose the answer
19:28a b or c which fits best according to what you hear complete the answers as you listen to
19:35the audio now look at extract one extract one questions 31 to 36
19:43you hear the discussion between a senior doctor and junior doctors on differential blood tests
19:49you have 90 seconds to read questions 31 to 36.
21:26hello doctor what is a differential blood test well a differential blood test enables the physician to determine
21:32how many white blood cells are in the body there are five types of white blood cells and the test also shows how many
21:39of each type of white blood cells are present the results provide details about the condition of a patient’s
21:44immune system and its response to diseases who requires a differential blood test doctor
21:51a differential blood test helps diagnose a range of acute or chronic conditions
21:56and often this is ordered when trying to confirm a diagnosis such as for any signs of acute illness such as the flu
22:02or urinary tract infection or else they may be looking for a chronic condition such as an autoimmune
22:08disorder or one that affects the bone marrow the bone marrow is responsible
22:13for producing white blood cells so changes in white blood cell counts can indicate the functioning of bone marrow
22:20a differential blood test may be ordered if a patient has symptoms such as body aches chills fever a headache pain or
22:27particularly in the bones although a differential blood test can indicate problems with the white blood cells it will not be the only test that
22:34is used to make a complete diagnosis the five types of white blood cells are neutrophils are the most common type of
22:41white blood cells which are responsible for destroying bacteria in injured or infected tissue
22:47monocytes also destroy bacteria causing chronic infections and a role in repairing damaged tissues
22:53eosinophils are responsible for treating infections caused by parasites and they also control the immune system response
22:59to allergic reactions mesophylls are the least common type of white blood cell and their function is
23:05yet to be defined however they may play a role in allergic reactions
23:10there are three types of lymphocytes b lymphocytes generate antibodies to attack specific viruses bacteria and
23:17other foreign invaders t lymphocytes help to identify cells that require an immune response
23:23the third type called a natural killer cells destroy cancer cells and viruses
23:29therefore each type of white blood cell plays an essential role in the immune system when a differential blood test result is
23:35received it should also contain a reference range of normal values from the laboratory to evaluate if the white blood cell levels
23:42are low normal or high overall an increased level of white blood cell count the normal level may
23:48indicate the presence of an infection typically normal values for neutrophils are between two thousand five hundred
23:55and six thousand cells a person with a very low neutrophil count will have fewer than one thousand
24:00cells a condition called neutropenia while the results of a differential blood test will give details about all
24:07five types of white blood cells a doctor will usually focus on just one or two types
24:12depending on the type of cell high or low levels can indicate different issues such as a high level of basophil count
24:19can indicate certain types of leukemia including chronic myeloid leukemia it can also be an indication of severe
24:26allergic reactions patients with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or
24:32ulcerative colitis may also have high basal fill counts typically a low basal fill count does
24:38not indicate a medical condition however allergic reactions stress steroid use and hyperthyroidism can
24:45result in a basophil count a high eosinophil count is caused due to an allergic reaction such as asthma
24:52eczema or a reaction to a medication inflammatory disorders such as celiac
24:57disease or inflammatory bowel disease can also cause high eosinophil count
25:02usually eosinophils are present in such a low quantity that low readings do not tend to indicate any health condition
25:09however stress or steroid use can also cause a low eosinophil count a high
25:14lymphocyte count can indicate an acute viral infection such as chickenpox herpes or hepatitis
25:20or else a lymphocyte count may be high due to a bacterial infection such as tuberculosis or pertussis
25:27condition such as lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma a low lymphocyte level can indicate an
25:32autoimmune disorder such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis the presence of tuberculosis hiv
25:38hepatitis or the flu can also cause a lymphocyte count to be low a high monocyte count is caused due to
25:44chronic infections such as tuberculosis or a fungal infection the presence of a condition such as
25:50endocarditis inflammatory bowel disease monocytic leukemia juvenile
25:56myelomonocytic leukemia scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis can also cause a
26:01count to be high most physicians do not consider a single low monocyte count as significant
26:07however low monocyte results on several tests can indicate hairy cell leukemia or bone marrow damage
26:13a high level of neutrophil count can be an indication of an acute bacterial infection inflammation tissue death
26:20stress on the body or chronic leukemia the neutrophil count may also become high when the person is in the last
26:26trimester of pregnancy a neutrophil count may be low after an adverse drug reaction or chemotherapy treatments
26:32illnesses such as myelodysplastic syndrome autoimmune disorders bone marrow cancers and aplastic anemia can
26:39also cause low neutrophil counts a differential blood test is one of the different lab tests that is used to
26:45confirm a diagnosis of an infection or illness
26:59now look at extract two questions 37 to 42
27:04you hear the discussion of a physician with junior doctors on different types of hernias
27:10you have 90 seconds to read questions 37 to 42.
28:47hello doctor could you please explain to us about different types of hernias well
28:53inguinal hernias are located in the lower abdomen just above the leg crease adjacent or near the pubic region
29:00at times they can also occur on both sides of the pubic area which is called bilateral inguinal hernias
29:07inguinal hernias along with femoral hernias make up the two types of groin
29:12hernias and can cause pain that extends into the upper thigh or scrotum
29:18inguinal hernias can be categorized as direct or indirect an indirect inguinal hernia occurs due
29:25to natural weakness in the internal inguinal ring while a direct inguinal hernia caused due to the weakness in the
29:31floor of the inguinal canal and is more likely to develop in men above 40.
29:37the floor of the inguinal canal is located just below the internal inguinal ring
29:42when inguinal hernias are repaired using the tension repair technique recurrence rates may be more than 15 percent
29:50however other techniques used for hernia repair such as tension free and
29:55laparoscopic tension free have much lower recurrence rates of just one percent
30:01a sportsman’s hernia is a condition of chronic exercise-related supra-inguinal
30:06groin pain generally it involves a direct inguinal hernia femoral hernias along with inguinal
30:13hernias are groin hernias which are very common in women but can occur in men as well
30:19a weakness in the lower groin makes the intestinal sac to drop into the femoral canal
30:24a space near the femoral vein that carries blood from the leg these hernias are highly prone to
30:30develop incarceration or strangulation as an early complication incisional hernias appears in the
30:36abdomen at the site of a previous surgery that can appear weeks months or even years after a surgery and can vary
30:44in size from small to very large and complex umbilical hernias appear near the belly
30:50button or navel due to a common weakness from the blood vessels of the umbilical cord this may occur in infants at or
30:57just after birth and may resolve by three or four years of age however in adults umbilical hernias will
31:04not resolve and may progressively worsen over time epigastric hernias are more common in
31:10men than women they occur due to a weakness or opening in the muscles or tendons of the upper
31:16abdominal wall on a line between the breastbone and the navel or umbilicus
31:22spaghelion hernias a protrusion of intestine or an empty sac through a weakness between the muscle fibers of
31:29the abdominal wall often on the right hand side of the abdomen it becomes impossible to detect because
31:36often there is no obvious swelling or lump it develops between the muscles of the
31:41abdominal wall rather than protruding through layers of fat it often develops in later life of men
31:47and women when the abdominal muscles become weaker hadal hernias are slightly different
31:53from other types of hernias because they are a weakness or opening in the diaphragm that separates the chest
31:59cavity from the abdominal cavity these hernias cause reflux of acid from the stomach and to the esophagus
32:06resulting in heartburn pain and erosion of the esophagus
32:22that is the end of part c you now have two minutes to check your answers
32:51me
33:04you
Sarah Keating OET letter answer
Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre
Ms. Jan Piper,
District Nurse,
Scarborough Beach City Council,
the Esplanade Scarborough Beach 6019
5 October 2010
Dear Ms Piper,
Re: Sarah Keating, aged 20 years.
Ms Keating requires follow up care and management, following her discharge today. She underwent treatment for infection of her right forearm skin graft.
During hospitalisation, Ms Keating was provided daily dressing on the affected lesion on her forearm. However, the lesion does not require dressing anymore. Additionally, she was administered Ampicillin intravenously. Due to considerations related to her mental health, our psychiatrist provided a consultation.
Considering the information provided, kindly proceed with the care for Ms. Keating. Please ensure her compliance with medication, including Ampicillin, 250 mg, four times a day, with the medication scheduled to be concluded on October 31, 2010. Kindly monitor both her donor site on the thigh and the graft site for any signs of infection or interference. The hospital has organized appointments for Ms. Keating with her psychologist twice every week. Should you have any additional questions or concerns, please feel free to contact me.
Yours sincerely,
Registered nurse.
View the writing task
Submit your OET letters for correction: (for a minimal fee)
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Jonathan OET listening test
Watch on Youtube, Jonathan OET listening test.
View answer keys for Mr Jonathan OET listening test.
Would you like to download a copy of the practice test? Please click on the download button below:
See listening transcript
0:00extract one questions 1 to 12 for questions 1 to 12 complete the
0:08notes with a word or a short phrase you now have 30 seconds to look at the
0:28notes
0:48good morning doctor good morning Mr Jonathan tell me about your problem I am
0:54having severe and recurrent jaw pain doctor there’s also numbness tingling
0:59along the jaw jaw teeth and tongue how long have you had these problems for the past 6 months I even
1:07consulted a dentist but the dental evaluations are normal I was also diagnosed with a throat infection last
1:13week and I was prescribed avalox which I’ve almost completed I am taking cough drops and trying to increase fluids oh I
1:22see do you drink or smoke no doctor but I used to chew tobacco for about 30
1:28years but I’ve recently stopped okay moreover I’ve also lost the
1:34sensation of taste the numbness is on the left lateral tongue and jaw that extends from the angle of the jaw to my
1:41lip doctor recently I’ve gained about 20 pounds of weight and that maybe due to
1:46decreased activity do you get headaches yes doctor about twice in a month do you
1:53experience any fever or chills no doctor do you have any tooth pain especially
1:59especially while biting no doctor have you had any jaw popping no doctor any
2:06spasm of the jaw that is trismus no doctor I’ve stopped chewing
2:12tobacco and I’m using nicar gum now doctor oh okay what’s your age now 50
2:19years have you ever had any surgery yes pertinent for hernia repair surgery what
2:26medications are you taking at the moment Tylenol and I’m on n gum are you
2:31allergic to any medicine yes I’m allergic to coding I used to feel dizzy or laded when I took
2:38cing H your blood pressure is 138 over
2:4382 pulse 64 normal temperature
2:4898.3 and your weight is 191 lbs your oral cavity is normal with good moisture
2:55you have a slightly decreased sensation to your left jaw that extends to the left lateral tongue and left intcal
3:03mucosa the fiberoptic naseros scapy reveals a moderately deviated nasal
3:10septum to the left large inferior terminates you have developed persistent
3:17parasthesia of the left manual teeth and tongue possibly neoplasm within the mandible you have also developed hypog
3:24Gia with loss of taste in dry mouth syndrome called xerostomia I would
3:30suggest you have a CT of your head including sinuses and mandible so that I
3:36can evaluate and make sure you have not develop neoplasm take plenty of fluids and come and see me again when you get
3:42your diagnos
3:50reports extract two questions 13 to 24 for questions 13 to 24 complete the
3:58notes with a word or a short phrase you may have 30 seconds to look at the
4:28notes
4:34hello doctor good morning good morning may I find out what the problem is I’ve
4:40been experiencing the symptoms of heart failure for the past year doctor although it appears okay in general I
4:46feel a lot of stress and fatigue I’ve also noticed shortness of breath with exertion I am getting attacks of severe
4:53shortness of breath and coughing that usually occurs while I’m sleeping I have developed edema and had a mild leg
4:59swelling a while ago do you have severe chest pain called angina palpitations or
5:04syncope no doctor but I feel some irregularity in my pulse over the past
5:0910 months these symptoms have been gradually worsening over the past year I’ve gained about 20 kilograms in weight
5:15doctor what’s your age 63 doctor have you had any previous illnesses I had W
5:22inal Heria surgery 7 years ago I had trauma to my right thumb do you have
5:28diabetes metis a heart murma no doctor do you smoke or drink I don’t smoke but
5:34I drink tell me about your family history any endless my mother’s alive at
5:4092 my father died at 76 of a heart attack are you taking any
5:46medications yes doctor aspirin 81 milligrams daily and choria epoxide and
5:52clidinium combination pill at 5 Mig or 2 and2 Mig one tablet daily for stress Are
5:59you a allergic to any medicines no doctor okay well according to my comprehensive cardiovascular examination
6:06your blood pressure is 120 over 70 in each arm seated your pulse is 80 beats
6:13per minute and regular your breathing is two times per minute and that is
6:18unlabored lungs are clear to oscilation and percussion the first and second
6:23heart sounds are normal you have a fourth heart sound and a soft systolic
6:28murmur the precordial impulse is enlarged your electrocardiogram shows
6:33sinus rhythm with left ventricle hypertrophy your Peak oxygen consumption
6:39was 19.7 milliliters per kilogram of body mass per minute which is consistent
6:44with mild cardiopulmonary disease laboratory data shows your thyroid stimulating hormone
6:511.33 your glucose is 97 and creatine 0.9
6:57potassium is 4.3 I reviewed your echocardiogram thoroughly that shows a
7:03dilated cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction of 15% your poststress ejection
7:09fraction is 33% and left ventricular cavity appears enlarged this appears to
7:15be a newly diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy of Uncertain ideology and
7:21dyslipidemia I’m going to prescribe Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
7:26linil 2.5 mg daily and a bait blocker covered a low
7:323.125 mg twice daily in addition you could benefit from a loop diuretic
7:38boside 20 mgram daily I don’t think you need a defibrillator right now and after
7:453 months of medication I want you to go on an echocardiogram if your left ventricular function has not improved
7:52then you would benefit from a prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator so continue
7:59continue with these medications and meet me after a period of 3 months thank you
8:12doctor that is the end of part A now look at Part B Part B in this part of the text you
8:21will hear six different extracts in each extract you will hear people talking in
8:27different healthc care settings for questions 25 to 30 choose the answer a b
8:35or c which fits best according to what you hear you’ll have time to read each
8:41question before you listen complete your answers as you listen now look at
8:47question 25 Now read the
8:58question
9:06hello doctor can you please explain azotemia to me azotemia is a kind of
9:12nephrotoxicity that occurs when there’s nitrogen in our blood ureia occurs when there’s urine in your blood when excess
9:19nitrogen becomes toxic to our system and results in ureia or uremic syndrome if
9:25untreated azotemia can lead to acute renal failure when fluid isn’t flowing
9:31enough through the kidneys prerenal azotemia occurs creating high levels of
9:36UA and serum creatine concentration this is the most common type of azotemia and
9:43can be reversed usually intrinsic azotemia is caused due to sepsis
9:49infection or disease acute tubular necrosis is the most common type of
9:55intrinsic azotemia postrenal azotemia is is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract
10:02postrenal azotemia can also occur with pre-renal
10:13azotemia question 26 Now read the
10:28question
10:40hello doctor what is a billy Rubin blood level as a result of breakdown of red
10:46blood cells Billy Rubin is released into the blood Billy Rubin is used by the liver to make bile generally a small
10:53amount of Billy Rubin is present in the blood the increased level of Billy Rubin in blood could be symptom of a liver or
11:00blood problem a common cause of increased Billy Rubin is Gilbert Syndrome a deficiency in an enzyme as
11:08the Billy Rubin levels in the blood get higher the white part of our eyes called scare may turn yellow also our skin may
11:17appear yellowish this is called ioris or
11:27jaundice question 27 Now read the
11:49question hello doctor who really has celiac disease and who doesn’t well
11:54according to findings about 40% of people worldwide may have a a genetic susceptibility to develop celiac disease
12:02where they react to gluten in their diet however what I feel is about 1% develop
12:09celiac disease those people do very well on a gluten-free diet avoid wheat oats
12:15and Rye however gluten is very tough to digest therefore it’s very gassy so I
12:21think people who buy gluten-free foods are really avoiding gassiness but I
12:26think most people are not really bothered by gluten a simple blood test can help identify those with celiac
12:33disease but simply avoiding foods to get rid of celiac disease is well worth
12:45continuing question 28 Now read the
12:57question
13:07Precision medicine is an emerging strategy for disease treatment based on the individual variability in genes
13:14environment and the lifestyle of each patient allowing healthc Care Professionals and researchers to deliver
13:20precise treatment strategies for specific diseases in specific types of patients it isn’t contrary to a one-
13:27siiz fits-all approach in which general treatment strategies are followed with less consideration for the differences
13:34between patients although the term Precision medicine may be relatively new the concept has been a part of health
13:40care for many years for instance a person who requires a blood transfusion is not given blood from a randomly
13:47selected donor instead the donor’s blood type is matched to the patient to reduce the risk of
13:53complications however the role of the Precision medicine in patient treatment is relatively Limited
14:06question 29 Now read the
14:25question in most people with alopecia AR hair falls out in small round patches
14:32leaving round shaped areas of bare skin often this patchy hair loss occurs on
14:37the scalp however it can affect other parts of the body as well rarely the hair loss involves the entire sculp a
14:45condition called alopecia totalis or else even the whole body becomes hairless a condition called alopecia
14:52universalis there are also other forms of alopecia ariata that occur very
14:58rarely with which have different patterns of hair loss however the hair usually grows back after several months
15:05though it may fall out
15:15again question 30 Now read the
15:27question
15:36a genetic condition called cytochrome SE oxidase deficiency affects several parts
15:41of the body including the skeletal muscles the brain the heart or the liver
15:46usually the symptoms and signs begin before 2 years of age however appear at
15:52a later stage in mildly affected individuals the severity of the disease
15:57varies widely among among affected patients even among those who belong to the same family patients with mild
16:04cytochrome C oxidase deficiency tend to have myopathy and hypotonia with no
16:10other related health issues more severely affected patients have problems in multiple body systems including encom
16:18myopathy hypertrophic cardiomyopathy another possible feature of this condition is an enlarged liver
16:25called hepatomegaly that may result in liver fail many patients with cytochrome C oxidase
16:31deficiency have a specific group of features known as lay syndrome that
16:36include movement problems loss of mental function eating difficulties
16:41hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and brain
16:56abnormalities that is the end of part Part B now look at part
17:05C part C in this part of the text you’ll hear two different extracts in each
17:12extract you’ll hear health professionals talking about aspects of their work for
17:17questions 31 to 42 choose the answer a b
17:23or c which fits best according to what you hear comp complete the answers as
17:29you listen now look at extract one extract one questions 31 to
17:3836 you may have 90 seconds to read questions 31 to
17:5736
19:06the samples of tissue cells can be taken from almost any part of the body depending on the type of tumor and its
19:12location the method of taking samples is determined for instance the methods
19:18followed for brain biopsies is entirely different for skin biopsies certain
19:23types of biopsies involve the removal of an entire organ which are only performed
19:28by surgeons however other types of biopsies remove tumor samples using a
19:34thin needle or through an endoscope in this session I’m going to explain the most common types of biopsies used in
19:41cancer diagnosis needle biopsy fine needle biopsy or fine needle aspiration
19:47and core needle biopsy or core aspiration are the two types of needle biopsies fine needle aspiration is
19:55performed using a thin Hollow needle effect fix to a syringe to pull out small pieces of tissue and a small
20:02amount of fluid from the tumor in case the tumor is deep inside the body and
20:07cannot be felt then the needle can be guided while watching on an Imaging tool such as an ultrasound or CT scan the
20:15main advantages of fine needle aspiration are that there is no need to cut the skin and in some cases the
20:22diagnosis is made on the same day however the disadvantage is that
20:27sometimes it becomes impossible to remove enough tissue for a detailed diagnosis although fine needle
20:34aspiration is a type of biopsy it is also classified as a cytology test
20:39however in a core biopsy the needles are slightly larger than those used in fine needle aspiration in a core biopsy a
20:48small cylinder of tissue is removed at times special vacuum tools are used to
20:53get larger core biopsies from breast tissue however diagnosing core biopsy
20:58samples take longer than fine needle aspiration biopsies therefore the results also take longer excisional or
21:07incisional biopsy in this type of biopsy the surgeon cuts through the skin to remove the complete tumor called an
21:14excisional biopsy or a part of a large tumor called an incisional biopsy in an
21:20endoscopic biopsy is a flexible thin lighted tube with a lens or a video
21:25camera affixed at the end allowing The Physician to look into the internal parts of the body tissue samples are
21:32also taken out through the endoscopic biopsy different types of endoscopes are used to look at specific parts of the
21:39body for instance one kind of endoscopy is used to look at the inside of the
21:45throat sinuses and nose laparoscopic thorascopic and
21:51mediastinoscopy although laparoscopy is much like endoscopy it uses a slightly a
21:57laparoscope to look inside the abdomen and remove tissue samples similar procedures are followed to look inside
22:03the chest these are called thoros scopy and mediastinoscopy laparatomy and
22:10thoracotomy laparatomy is a kind of surgery where vertical cut is made from upper to lower abdomen to remove samples
22:18this may be performed when the suspected area could not be diagnosed with other simpler tests there are many ways to
22:25perform a biopsy the skin based on the type of suspected skin tumor shave
22:30biopsies remove the outer layers of the skin for certain basil cell or squamous
22:36cell skin cancers however they aren’t used for the suspected melanomas of the
22:41skin as discussed earlier punch biopsies or excisional biopsies are used to
22:47remove deeper skin layers and are diagnosed How Deeply a melanoma has gone into the skin Sentinel lymph node
22:53mapping and biopsy helps the surgeon to know which lymph nodes to remove for biopsy Sentinel node mapping and biopsy
23:01is a common way to diagnose whether a cancer such as melanoma or breast cancer
23:07has spread to the lymph nodes this can detect the lymph nodes that drain lymph fluid from where the cancer originated
23:14if the cancer is metastasized these lymph nodes are usually the primary parts to
23:26affect
23:38now look at extract two extract two questions 37 to 42 you now have 90
23:46seconds to read questions 37 to
23:5642
25:27cose Acoma is a type of cancer that forms from the cells that line blood vessels or lymph it usually looks like
25:34tumors on the skin or on mucose or surfaces such as inside the mouth
25:39however kosis sacoma tumors can also develop in other parts such as in the lymph nodes digestive tract or the lungs
25:48the abnormal cells of capos sucoma form red purple or brown tumors or blotches
25:54on the skin these affected areas are known as lesions often the skin lesions
26:00of kosis sakom appear on the face or legs however usually they cause no
26:07symptoms certain lesions on the groin area or legs may cause a painful
26:12swelling on the legs and feet kosis saroma can cause severe problems or even
26:18become life-threatening when the lesions are in the digestive tract liver or lungs for instance kosi ciroma can cause
26:27bleeding while tumors in the lungs may cause trouble breathing the different
26:32types of kosi saroma are defined by the different populations it develops in
26:37however the changes within the kosi sucoma cells are very similar epidemic
26:42kosi sucoma or AIDS related kosis saroma the most common type of kosis saroma in
26:49the US is epidemic or AIDS related kosis saroma this type of kosis saroma
26:56develops in people who are infected infected with HIV however a HIV infected
27:02person does not necessarily have AIDS the virus may be present in the body for
27:07a long time often many years before causing any illness the disease called
27:13AIDS outbreaks when the virus completely damages the immune system resulting in certain types of infections or other
27:19medical complications including kosi sucoma when HIV damages the immune
27:26system patients and infected with a certain virus are more likely to develop kosis saroma kosis saroma is considered
27:34an AIDS defining illness that is when kosi saroma occurs in the patients
27:39infected with HIV that patient officially has AIDS in the US treating
27:45HIV infection with highly active anti-retroviral therapy has resulted in
27:51fewer cases of epidemic kosi saroma yet certain patients develop symptoms of Kos
27:57suoma in the first few months of Highly active anti-retroviral therapy for HIV patients highly active
28:06anti- retroviral therapy can often progress the kosi suoma development
28:12however kosi suoma can occur in people whose HIV is well under control with
28:18highly active anti-retroviral therapy once kosis sakom develops it is
28:24still essential to continue highly active anti retro viral therapy in the regions where highly active
28:30anti-retroviral therapy is not accessible kosi saroma in AIDS patients
28:35can advance quickly classic or Mediterranean capos sakom occurs mainly in older people of
28:43Mediterranean Middle Eastern and Eastern European Heritage Classic kosi saroma is
28:49more common in men than in women patients have one or more lesions on their ankles legs or the soles of the
28:56feet compared to to other types of kosi saroma the lesions and classic kosi
29:01saroma do not grow quickly and new lesions do not form as often the immune
29:07system of patients with classic kosi saroma is not as weak as it is in those
29:12who have epidemic AOS saroma but it may become weaker than normal when this
29:18occurs people who already have aapos suoma Associated herpes virus infection are
29:26more likely develop kosis sakom endemic kosis sakom or African kosis suoma
29:34endemic kosis sakom occurs in people in Equatorial Africa kosi sakom Associated
29:41herpes virus infection is very common in Africa therefore the risk of kosi sakom
29:47very high probably there are other factors in this region that weaken the immune system such as malnutrition
29:54malaria and other chronic infections which may also contribute to the development of kosi saroma endemic kosi
30:02saroma incurs in younger people under 40 rarely an aggressive form of endemic
30:07kosi saroma is seen in children before puberty this type of kosi sarcoma
30:13usually affects the lymph nodes and other organs and can progress quickly latrogenic kosis suoma or transplant
30:22related kosis sakom when kosis sakom develops in patients who immune systems
30:28have been damaged after an organ transplant it is known as otogenic capos
30:34saroma or transplanted related kosis suoma most transplant patients should
30:39take drugs to keep their immune system from rejecting the new organ but by weakening the immune system of the body
30:46these drugs increase the chance that patients infected with the herpes virus will develop kosi saroma discontinuing
30:54such immunosuppressive drugs or l lowering the dose often makes kosis
30:59Aroma lesions go away or get
31:07smaller that is the end of part C you now have 2 minutes to check your
31:15answers that is the end of this listening test thank you very much for
31:20practicing this test with lifestyle training center you can now check in the
31:26description and verify your answers if you find this video helpful please
31:31subscribe to our Channel and write down your comments and let us know how you feel about it if you need more help or
31:38for training please feel free to contact us details can be found in the
31:43description until we see you next time take care bye-bye
English (auto-generated)AllFrom Lifestyle Training CentreFor youRecently uploadedWatched
Jonathan OET listening test answers
Answer keys:
1. Avelox
2. Sensation Of Taste
3. Lateral Tongue
4. Twice A Month
5. Hernia Repair Surgery
6. Codeine
7. Oral Cavity
8. Intrabuccal Mucosa
9. FiberopticNasopharyngoscopy
10. Large Inferior Turbinates
11. Persistent Paresthesia
12. Xerostomia
13. Edema
14. Right Inguinal Hernia
15. Right Thumb
16. Chlordiazepoxide And Clidinium Combination
17. Auscultation And Percussion
18. Soft Systolic Murmur
19. Sinus Rhythm With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
20. Peak Oxygen Consumption
21. Ejection Fraction
22. Dyslipidemia
23. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
24. Implantable Cardioverter defibrillator
25. B
26. B
27. C
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. B
32. C
33. A
34. A
35. C
36. B
37. B
38. B
39. C
40. B
41. C
42. C
How did it go? How much did you score?
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