Dear Sir/Madam, Re: Ms Maria Joseph, aged 39 years.
I am writing to refer Ms Joseph who requires your urgent assessment and care in the emergency department. She is suspected to have intracranial pathology and space occupying lesions, following a fall at home, due to severe left sided headache.
Ms Joseph’s vitals are slightly high: P 100, BP 150/90. She is half unconscious, and her speech is slightly slurred. There are bruises on her left leg and injury on her right arm: extension 4/5 power and left leg knee flexion 4/5.
Ms Joseph had first visited our hospital on 10/5/2011 due to frontal headache of 6 hours, suffering from nausea and blurred vision. She was advised to take rest and was given paracetamol, 500, q4h. She has no family history of migraine and was suspected to be suffering from excess tension or personal dilemma.
On 14/5 /2011, she reported of persistent left sided and frontal headaches, blurred vision and throbbing left sided headache. She had vomited 5 times within three hours and had complaints of slight paraesthesia. Her vitals were slightly abnormal and she was distressed. On account of severe migraine possibility, Pethidine, 100 mg and intramuscular injection of Maxolon, 10 mg were prescribed.
Based on the above, kindly assess and provide urgent treatment to Ms Joseph in the emergency department. If you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours faithfully, Registered Nurse.
Word count:210
Writing task
TASK –73: Patient: Maria Joseph is a 39 years old woman who has been a patient at a hosptical you are working in as a head nurse. Apart from usual childhood illness such as chicken pox, she had been healthy.
10 / 5 2011: Subjective: Frontal headache for 6 hrs. Mild assoc, suffering from nausea, no vomiting, patient with blurred vision but not aura. No other symptoms noticed. She has no family history of migraine.
Objective P96, BP 130/ 70. Normal Cervical Spine Movement, examination normal.
Assessment Probably due to excess tension or personal dilemma
Plan Advised to take rest. Given analgesia (paracetamol (500q4h))
14/5 /2011: Subjective Complained of continuous headaches (left sided and frontal), blurred vision, throbbing headache (left sided). Vomited 5 times during last three hours Complaining of slight paraesthesia.
Objective Distressed, P 103, BP 150/90, Normal peripheral nervous system
15 / 5 / 2011: Home Visit: Subjective Fell down at home due to severe left sided headache, started some 5 hrs after reaching home. Injured her right arm, bruises on left leg. slurred speech, half unconscious.
Objective P 100, BP 150/90, extension 4/5 power, left leg knee flexion 4/5
Assessment Probable intracranial pathology, space occupying lesions.
Plan Urgent assessment in Emer. Dept.
Writing task: Using the information given above write a letter to the neurologist, who will attend the patient in the emergency department.
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Fatigue, nausea, poor appetite, belly pain, a mild fever, or yellow skin or eyes (jaundice)
Ultrasound scan of the liver:
Blood test, hepatitis B is first diagnosed using a blood test that looks for a certain antigen (fragments of H8V) and antibodies (produced by immune system in response to HBV). The test is called a Hepatitis B blood panel, and it checks for the following.
HBsAg (the hepatitis B surface antigen)
AntiHBs (antibodies to the HBV surface antigen)
AntiHBc (antibodies to the HBV core antigen)
Treatment:
BARACLUDE 0.5 mg once daily for 3 months, taken on empty stomach (at least 2 hours after a meal and 2 hours before the next meal).
Vitamin E 300mg twice daily for 3 months.
Complications:
Severe stomach pains. High fever-paracetamol and Ibuprofen 500mg 3x a day as needed.
Medical history
Hepatis A (7 years old)
Measles and chicken pox
Gastritis (2010 hospitalized)
Family History
Hypertension
Heart attack
Pneumonia
Progress:
To more fatigue and nausea
Improved appetite, fever and yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) has lessened
Belly pain once in a while
Discharge plan
Lifestyle:
Carbs: Fruits and veggies, skip the sweets and alcohol.
Description and vitamins to continue for 3 months. See a Hematologist for further evaluation.
Writing task:
Using the information in the case notes, as a charge nurse of Holy Angels Medical Centre, write a referral letter to Dr James Harry, Hepatologist of the Spring Dawn Hospital, 1102 Riverbank Road, New South Wales, Australia for further evaluation of Mr. Louis Charles.
In your answer:
Expand the relevant case notes into complete sentences.
Do not use note form.
The body of the letter should be approximately 200 words.
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Mr Charles requires your expert assessment, following his discharge today. He was diagnosed with Hepatitis B and underwent treatment in our hospital.
Mr Charles was admitted to our hospital on 02/08/2022 with various complaints: fatigue, nausea, poor appetite, belly pain, mild fever and Jaundice. Ultrasound scans of the liver as well as Hepatitis B blood panel were carried out to confirm the afore mentioned diagnosis.
During hospitalization, administration of Baraclude, 0.5mg, once daily; and Vitamin E, 300mg, twice daily were started. Paracetamol and Ibuprofen, 500mg, 3 times a day, were given to treat his high fever and severe stomach pain. At present, Mr Charles has better appetite, and the Jaundice is reduced. However, he still suffers from increased fatigue, nausea as well as intermittent belly pain.
Mr Charles is a university athlete. He has medical histories of Measles, Chicken pox and was hospitalized for Gastritis in 2010. He has been suffering from Hepatitis A for the past 7 years. He also has family history of Hypertension, Heart attack and Pneumonia.
Based on the above, please assess Mr Charles to further evaluate his condition. He is given a specific diet and exercise plan. He should continue his medication and vitamins for 3 months. Should you have further queries, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours sincerely,
Charge Nurse.
(Words count: 193)
Writing task.
Case notes:
Name of the patient: Louis Charles
Age: 22 years
Admission: August 2, 2014
Discharge: August 20, 2014
Social Background:
University athlete
Orphan
Single
John Laden-best friend
Lives at the athlete’s university quarters.
Diagnosis: Hepatis B
Complaints:
Fatigue, nausea, poor appetite, belly pain, a mild fever, or yellow skin or eyes (jaundice)
Ultrasound scan of the liver:
Blood test, hepatitis B is first diagnosed using a blood test that looks for a certain antigen (fragments of H8V) and antibodies (produced by immune system in response to HBV). The test is called a Hepatitis B blood panel, and it checks for the following.
HBsAg (the hepatitis B surface antigen)
AntiHBs (antibodies to the HBV surface antigen)
AntiHBc (antibodies to the HBV core antigen)
Treatment:
BARACLUDE 0.5 mg once daily for 3 months, taken on empty stomach (at least 2 hours after a meal and 2 hours before the next meal).
Vitamin E 300mg twice daily for 3 months.
Complications:
Severe stomach pains. High fever-paracetamol and Ibuprofen 500mg 3x a day as needed.
Medical history
Hepatis A (7 years old)
Measles and chicken pox
Gastritis (2010 hospitalized)
Family History
Hypertension
Heart attack
Pneumonia
Progress:
To more fatigue and nausea
Improved appetite, fever and yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) has lessened
Belly pain once in a while
Discharge plan
Lifestyle:
Carbs: Fruits and veggies, skip the sweets and alcohol.
Description and vitamins to continue for 3 months. See a Hematologist for further evaluation.
Writing task:
Using the information in the case notes, as a charge nurse of Holy Angels Medical Centre, write a referral letter to Dr James Harry, Hepatologist of the Spring Dawn Hospital, 1102 Riverbank Road, New South Wales, Australia for further evaluation of Mr. Louis Charles.
In your answer:
Expand the relevant case notes into complete sentences.
Do not use note form.
The body of the letter should be approximately 200 words.
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SECTION 1. Questions 1-14. Read the information below and answer Questions 1-7 How to book your holiday: When you have looked through our brochure and have chosen two or three alternative cottages you would like to stay in, please phone our Holiday Booking Office. The number is: 01225 892299 31st March to 20th October: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Thursday 9.30 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. Saturday Closed. Sunday Closed 21st October to 30th March: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Thursday 9.30 a.m. to 5.00 p,m. Saturday 9.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Sunday Closed. We will check the availability of your choices and our reservation staff will help you make your decision. Should none of your choices be available, we will do our best to suggest suitable alternatives.
When a provisional reservation has been made, it will be held for 7 days. We will give you a holiday reference number and ask you to complete the holiday booking form and return it, with a deposit of ONE THIRD of the cottage rental, to: WESSEX COTTAGES HOUDAY BOOKING OFFICE PO BOX 675 MELKSHAM WILTSHIRE SN12 8SX. Deposit payments can be made by credit card at the time of booking or by cheque made payable to: Wessex Cottages Ltd. IF WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED YOUR COMPLETED AND SIGNED BOOKING FORM WITH DEPOSIT WITHIN 7 DAYS, WE REGRET THAT YOUR RESER VATION WILL BE CANCELLED.
When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirmed – we will send you a Booking Confirmation, together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the telephone number or a local contact should you require further details on the cottage before leaving home. Attached to the Booking Confirmation will be a note showing the balance due on your holiday and the date by which it is payable. Outstanding balances on bookings made in the UK must be settled within 10 weeks of sending the deposit.
ARRIVAL: Please do not arrive at your holiday cottage before 3.30 p.m. or later than 7.00 p.m. DEPARTURE: On the morning of departure, please leave your holiday property by 10 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the properly for the next visitors. We ask that you please leave the property as you found it. Please don’t move the furniture as this can cause damage both to the furniture and to the property. OVERSEAS BOOKINGS: We are delighted to take bookings from overseas visitors either by telephone or fax +44 (0)1225890227. All payments should be made by credit card or by cheque in Pounds Sterling. Please note that provisional bookings from overseas visitors will be held for 14 DAYS. If the completed and signed booking form with the deposit is not received within that time, the reservation will be cancelled. LAST-MINUTE BOOKINGS: If you wish to make a last-minute booking, please telephone the Holiday Booking Office to check availability. If your reservation is made within 10 weeks of the holiday start date, full payment is due on booking. ELECTRICITY: In most Wessex Cottages properties electricity must be paid for in addition to me holiday price. You may be asked to take a meter reading at the conclusion of your holiday, or an additional fixed charge for electricity may be made. Alternatively, there may be o coin meter, in which case you will be advised when you are making your booking. In some cottages, electricity is included in the rental and in very few there is no electricity at all. LINEN: In most Wessex Cottages properties you have the choice either of hiring linen, at a cost of £6.00 per person per week, or of bringing your own. In some cottages linen is included and in a very few it is not available at all. if you choose to hire linen, it will include bed linen (i.e. sheets and/or duvet covers and pillow cases), bath and hand towels and tea cloths but will not include towels for swimming or beach use. Linen is not available for cots. If you have any queries, do ask the Holiday Booking Office.
Questions 1—7. Look at the information above about renting holiday cottages in England. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet write: TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. The office is open on Saturdays in February but closes slightly earlier than on weekdays. 2. On receipt of your deposit, Wessex Cottages will confirm your booking by telephone. 3. For UK bookings, any outstanding balance must be paid within ten weeks of sending the deposit. 4. Between the departure of one visitor and the arrival of the next, the properties are visited and made ready. 5. The cost is lower if you make a last-minute booking. 6. Electricity is included in the rental of the majority of Wessex Cottages properties. 7. Beach towels are available for hire.
Read the advertisements below and answer Questions 8-14.
8. I have had an accident in my car. One of the rear lights is broken. I need to have it replaced. 9. I am helping to organise a wedding. The party will be at the bride’s family’s house but we are looking for someone to provide the food. 10. I have just found a house that I want to buy and I need a lawyer to help me with all the paperwork. 11. I have just returned from a holiday in Thailand, where I bought a Thai recipe book. I want to use the recipes in my restaurant, but I need someone to help me understand them. 12. I have just got a new job. I need to find somewhere to live locally. 13. Some friends are coming to visit me for the weekend, but my house is too small to put them all up. I want to find somewhere for them to stay. 14. I work in a local firm of solicitors. It’s nearly the end of the tax year and I am trying to find someone to help us organise our finances.
SECTION 2. Read the passage below and answer Questions 15-21. COURSES AVAILABLE AT NORTH COAST COLLEGE CAMPUSES AGRICULTURE Specialist agriculture centres of the North Coast College offer courses ranging from agricultural skills to beef production, horse studies and rural management. The Wollongbar Campus is renowned for its Tropical Fruit Growing program and has introduced modules on macadamias, bushfoods and coffee production. Taree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced `Agristudy’, which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture of ‘student learning guides, telephone tutorials, information sessions and workshops. Mullumbimby has the popular Rural Business Management program, which can also be studied by correspondence. Grafton, meanwhile, offers traineeships in agriculture including Beef and Dairy.
Health programs: The continued promotion of healthier living within the community has seen an increase in fitness awareness and a need for trained staff in the Fitness and Sport industries. Fitness Instruction courses are offered at Tweed Heads and teach students how to put together and lead a safe fitness program.
Lismore offers the Aged Support program and Port Macquarie offers the Early Childhood Nursing program. These courses give you the theoretical skills, knowledge and practical experience needed to work in a variety of residential and community-based health care institutions. For students interested in working in the Remedial Health Care industry, Kingscliff is a specialist centre for the Natural Therapy Diploma and has a health clinic on campus.
Environmental Studies: The Environmental Studies courses offered by the North Coast College have been developed to help students increase their awareness and understanding of environmental issues and to enable them to determine their environmental impact. The Environmental Practice course, which includes Coastal Management, is offered through Ballina campus. For people interested in working to restore degraded natural forests, the North Coast College offers the Forest Regeneration course at Casino. This course can provide a pathway for students into the Natural Resource Management Diploma at university. Marine Industry Management programs are offered at Coffs Harbour. Questions 15-21. Look at the following list of campuses (Questions 15 21) and the fields of study below Match each campus with the field of study available there. Write the correct letter A-K in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.
A forest restoration B banana cultivation C horse breeding D infant illness E elderly care F fish farming G herbal therapy H cattle farming I beach protection animal health recreation programs J animal health K recreation programs
INFORMATION ON PHOTOCOPYING In Information Services provide a Prepaid Services Card system for student and staff use of photocopiers and associated equipment in the Library, and use of laser printers in B Block. The same system has recently been installed in the Student Representative Council (SRC) for use with photocopiers there.
The system uses a plastic card similar to a keycard. Each card, called a ‘Prepaid Services Card’, has a unique, six-digit account number that accesses the system. Initially, students and other users will have to purchase a Prepaid Services Card from a teller machine located in the Library or B Block Computer Labs. The Prepaid Services Card costs $2.00. It is important that you keep a record of your card’s account number and sign your name or write your student ID number on the card.
Users prepay for Library, Computer Lab or SRC services by adding value to their Prepaid Services Card. There are no refunds, so only add value for the amount of prepaid services you intend to use. The maximum amount of prepaid services or value that can be added to a card is $50.00.
Two note and coin teller machines have been installed, one in the photocopy room on Level 2 of the Library and the other in the B Block Computer Labs. These teller machines accept any denomination of coins or notes up to $50.00. The SRC has a smaller, coin only, teller machine.
When a new card is purchased, the Library and B Block Computer Labs teller machines automatically issue a receipt to the user. However, when adding credit to your existing card the printing of receipts is optional.
For added security, a card user may choose to allocate a PIN or Personal Identification Number to their Prepaid Services Card. The PIN must then be entered each time the card is used.
Questions 22-27. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage on the previous page? In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
22. Prepaid Services Cards are in use in three locations. 23. You can only buy a Prepaid Services Card at the Library. 24. The smallest amount that can be added to the Prepaid Services Card at the Library teller machine is $5. 25. The Prepaid Services Card can be used to pay library fines. 26. Notes and coins can be used in all teller machines. 27. A PIN is allocated when you purchase your Prepaid Services Card.
SECTION 3. Questions 28-34. The passage on the following pages has seven sections A—G. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below Write the correct number i—x in boxes 28- 34 on your answer sheet.
28 Section A 29 Section B 30 Section C 31 Section D 32 Section E 33 Section F 34 Section G
List of Headings
i Bee behaviour is a mystery ii Communicating direction when outside a hive iii How bees carry food on their bodies iv Von Frisch discovers that bees communicate v How bees communicate direction when inside a hive vi The special position of bee language vii Expressing distance by means of dance viii The purpose of the two simple dances ix The discovery that bees have a special scent x Von Frisch discovers three types of dance
UNDERSTANDING BEE BEHAVIOUR A. A bee’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some of the most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language. Earlier this century Karl von Frisch, a professor of Zoology at Munich University, spent decades of ‘the purest joy of discovery’ unravelling the mysteries of bee behaviour. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from his work that most of today’s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives.
B. It started simply enough. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup. Von Frisch realised that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive”, messages which said, ‘Out there, at this spot, you’re going to find food.’
C. But how was it happening? To watch the bees, von Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her. In the second dance, clearly an extended version of this round dance, she performed a sickle-shaped figure-of-eight pattern instead. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process. She also stopped from time to time to give little bits of food to begging bees. Soon the others would excitedly leave the hive in search of food. Minutes later, many of them, marked by von Frisch, could be seen eating at the bowls of sugar syrup.
D. Experimenting further, von Frisch unravelled the mystery of the first two related types, the round and the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing. The longer and more excitedly the scout danced, the richer the promise of the food source. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this particular food was the one they were looking for. The others would then troop out of the hive and fly in spiralling circles ‘sniffing’ in the wind for the promised food.
E. At first, von Frisch thought the bees were responding only to the scent of the food. But what did the third dance mean? And if bees were responding only to the scent, how could they also ‘sniff down’ food hundreds of metres away from the hive, food which was sometimes downwind? On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing. If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance.
The measurement of the actual distance too, he concluded, was precise. For example, a feeding dish 300 metres away was indicated by 15 complete runs through the pattern in 30 seconds. When the dish was moved to 60 metres away, the number dropped to 11.
F. Von Frisch noted something further. When the scout bees came home to tell their sisters about the food source, sometimes they would dance outside on the horizontal entrance platform of the hive, and sometimes on the vertical wall inside. And, depending on where they danced, the straight portion of the waggle dance would point in different directions. The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food.
G. But by studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, von Frisch discovered a remark-able method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun. When inside the hive, the dancer cannot use the sun, so she uses gravity instead. The direction of the sun is represented by the top of the hive wall. If she runs straight up, this means that the feeding place is in the same direction as the sun. However, if, for example, the feeding place is 40° to the left of the sun, then the dancer would run 40° to the left of the vertical line. This was to be the first of von Frisch’s remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionise the study of animal behaviour generally.
Questions 35-37. The writer mentions THREE kinds of bee dance identified by von Frisch. List the name of the dance writer gives to each. Use ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet. 35……………………………………… 36……………………………………… 37………………………………………..
Questions 38-40. Look at the passage about bee behaviour on the previous pages. Complete the sentences below with words taken from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
38 Von Frisch discovered the difference between dance types by changing the position of……………………………….. 39 The dance outside the hive points in the direction of……………………………………. 40 The angle of the dance from the vertical shows the angle of the food from………………………………
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Do you need printed IELTS/ OET practice material? Place your order today. Available now for just Rs: 1,100 (including shipping all across India) Contact us at our WhatsApp number: +91 9886926773 to place your order. (Free for LTC students)
We hope this information has been valuable to you. If so, please consider a monetary donation to Lifestyle Training Centre via UPI. Your support is greatly appreciated.
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SECTION 1. QUESTION 1-14. Look at the five restaurant advertisements A-E. For which restaurant are the following statements true? Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. 1. You can’t eat at this restaurant on Monday evening. 2. You can have a meal here in peaceful country surroundings. 3. You can eat here on a Sunday night. 4. You can have your order delivered for an extra fee. 5. You can have dinner here and then stay the night.
Read the text below and answer Questions 6-14
A. RICHMOND EXPERIMENTAL THEATRE Learn to act introduces people to a broad range of acting techniques. It is specially geared to those with little or no aging experience. The atmosphere is relaxed and unthreatening and great emphasis is placed on developing the confidence and abilities of people who may initially be a little apprehensive!
B. WORLD CULTURE DAY: Brazilian Street Percussion 2.30-4.30. Samba percussion workshop. Lift your spirits with the taste of carnival! It doesn’t matter whether you’re an experienced musician or a complete beginner, you’ll be creating complex exotic rhythms in no time. African Storytelling 3.45-4.45: The magical African story-telling tradition of narration, poetry and proverbs (mainly from Ghana and Nigeria). An event for all the family.
C. SCOTTISH DANCING. IT’S FUN. IT’S GOOD EXERCISE • We have classes for dancers of all abilities. • Previous experience is not essential. • All you need to bring is a pair of soft shoes and enthusiasm. • Classes are held in a number of places and at different times. • We guarantee you a warm welcome.
D. THE RENAISSANCE SINGERS: New singers are invited to join our choir, formed in 1993, to perform a wide variety of music in Cambridge. We meet every Wednesday evening from 7.30 to 9.30 pm, and this term we are rehearsing for a special concert with audience participation on Saturday 1st December. An ability to sight-read and previous experience in choral singing is desirable, although not essential.
E. DRAWING WITH COLOUR An intensive workshop for beginners. Saturday 13th and Sunday 14th October. This unusual workshop offers instruction in effective ways to draw in colour. Activities will include study of light and shade and ways to express mood and emotion in colour. The small class (12 students} assures maximum attention for each student. Professional quality materials are included in the fee of £95.
Question 6-14. The passage on the reading page has five sections A-E. For which section are the following statements true? Write type correct letter A-E in boxes 6-14 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 6. A friendly greeting awaits new members. 7. Some relevant skills are preferred. 8. This activity could cheer you up. 9. This activity is suitable for a variety of ages. 10. Individual guidance will be provided. 11. Participants can take part in a public performance. 12. This activity could help someone who wants to overcome shyness. 13. This activity promises rapid progress. 14. This activity is not held during the day.
SECTION 2. STUDENT LIFE AT CANTERBURY COLLEGE
Most of the courses at Canterbury College only take up four days of the week, leaving one day free for independent study. The atmosphere at the College is that of an adult environment where a relationship of mutual respect is encouraged between students and tutors. Canterbury is a student city with several institutes of Further and Higher Education. The city centre is just a five-minute walk from the College, easily accessible in lunch or study breaks. Canterbury College has developed strong international links over the years and, as a result, many students have the opportunity of visiting and working in a European country in the course of their studies.
Students’ Union and SRC: All students are automatically members of the Canterbury College Students’ Union (CCSU) and can attend meetings. The Union is very active and is run by an Executive Committee elected by students in the Autumn Term. The President is elected every Summer Term to provide continuity for the next academic year. Representatives from each area of study form the Student Representative Council (SRC) which allows every student a say in Union affairs. In addition to representing students internally in the College on the Academic Board and with a subcommittee of the College Corporation, the CCSU also belongs to the National Union of Students which represents the interests of students nationally. The Union also arranges and supports entertainments, sporting activities and trips.
Student facilities. Learning Resources Centre (LRC): The Corey Learning Resources Centre provides easy access to a wide range of printed and audiovisual learning materials which can help students with coursework. There is ample space for quiet independent study and there are also areas for group work. Resources provided include books, journals, audio and video cassettes and CD-ROMs. Inter-library loans are available locally and nationally via the British Library. All students are encouraged to use the Open Access Information Technology Centre situated on the first floor. This has a variety of computing, word processing and desktop publishing software.
Bookshop: A branch of Waterstone’s bookshops is located on campus, where you can buy a range of stationery, drawing equipment, artists’ materials and books, as well as many other useful items you may need.
Children’s Centre: The College Children’s Centre has places for under 5s with some subsidised places being available to students. Places are limited, so, if you are interested, apply early to reserve a place by contacting Linda Baker on the College telephone number.
Refectory: This provides refreshments between 08.30 and 19.00 with hot meals served three times a day. Healthy eating options are available. Coffee Shop: This is open during normal College hours and serves light snacks and drinks. Proceeds from the Coffee Shop go to the Students’ Union.
Crypt Restaurant: This is a training restaurant which offers good quality cuisine in pleasant surroundings. Meals are very reasonably priced and you are invited to sample the students’ highly skilled dishes when the restaurant is open to the public during the week. Reservations can be made on 01227511244.
Chapel View Restaurant: This is another training restaurant and is set up as a quick-service facility which offers a selection of snacks and main courses at a modest price
Questions 15-20. Read the passage about student life at Canterbury College. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write: TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
15. Many students are allocated a job experience placement abroad. 16. The elections for the Union President and Executive Committee are held together. 17. There are staff in the LRC to help students use the facilities. 18. Nursery care is available on a first-come, first-served basis. 19. The Refectory serves fast-food options. 20. The Chapel View Restaurant is for students only.
Read the passage below and answer Questions 21-27. CANTERBURY COLLEGE. LIST OF COURSES COURSE A: This course will enable students to experience performing arts and the media at a basic level. It will give them the experience to decide if they wish to pursue an interest in this field and to develop their potential and adaptability for working in a performance company in either a performing or a technical role. COURSE B: The aim of this course is to provide a thorough grounding in business-related skills and a comprehensive knowledge of business practice. It is for students with a business studies background who can manage a heavy workload that will contain a greater degree of academic study. COURSE C: This course provides progression to a range of higher levels. Units will include maintaining employment standards, salon management duties, providing facial massage and skin care, instruction on makeup, lash and brow treatments, artificial nail structures and ear piercing. COURSE D: This course is designed to develop skills used in leisure operations. It covers preparing for and conducting physical activities, maintenance of facility areas, building relationships with participants and colleagues, handling sports equipment and health and safety issues. COURSE E: This course gives a foundation for a career in caring for children, the elderly or people with special needs. Core units are Numeracy, Communication and Information Technology. Work placements are an important part of the course. COURSE F: This course is designed to provide a foundation in graphic and visual communication skills. Students complete units in picture composition and photographic processing alongside elements of graphic design, and gain hands-on experience of desktop publishing and presentations. COURSE G: This course is designed to provide an introduction to the construction industry. Units covered include Heat, Light and Sound, Introduction to the Urban Environment, Communication Processes and Techniques and Properties of Materials. AII students complete vocational assignments which are integrated with work experience with reputable companies. COURSE H: The qualifications gained and the skills developed on this course will provide a good basis for gaining employment in office work. In addition to word processing, the course also covers spreadsheets, computerised accounting, databases and desktop publishing. AII students are given chances to develop their confidence, and advice and information is given on job search skills, presentation techniques and personal appearance.
Questions 21-27: Look at the List of Courses at Canterbury College A-H. Which course would you recommend for people with the following career interests? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.
21. advertising 22. TV production 23. architecture 24. company management 25. working with the disabled 26. secretariat tasks 27. Beauty therapy
SECTION 3. THE HISTORY OF EARLY CINEMA The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities – New York, London, Paris and Berlin – the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s, which rivalled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short ‘attractions’ only a couple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world’s screens up to the present day.
Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation, It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.
In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position on the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the world’s film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo vadis? (1913) and Cabiria (1914), almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation.
Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films appealed because they had better- constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over present or future competition.
The zest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply. As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world.
None of this would have happened without technology, and cinema is in fact unique as an art form. In the early years, this art farm was quite primitive, similar to the original French idea of using a lantern and slides back in the seventeenth century. Early cinema programmes were a mixture of items, combining comic sketches, free-standing narratives, serial episodes and the occasional trick or animated film. With the arrival of the feature length narrative as the main attraction, other types of films became less important. The making of cartoons became a separate branch of film-making, generally practised outside the major studios, and the same was true of serials. Together with newsreels, they tended to be shown as short items in a programme which led to the feature.
From early cinema, it was only Americana slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format. However, during this ‘Silent Film’ era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film.
Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period, the most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union. Of these, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite of the war and post-war economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded on to the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.
The other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically are: Britain, which had an interesting but undistinguished history in the silent period; Italy, which had a brief moment of international fame just before the war; the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development of silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population; and Japan, where a cinema developed based primarily on traditional theatrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted to western influence.
Question 28-30. Which THREE possible reasons for American dominance of the film industry are given in the text? A plenty of capital to purchase what it didn’t have B making films dealing with serious issues C being first to produce a feature film D well-written narratives E the effect of the First World War F excellent special effects. Questions 31-33. Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 31. Which TWO types of film were not generally made in major studios? 32. Which type of film did America develop in both short and feature films? 33. Which type of film started to become profitable in the ‘silent’ period? Questions 34-40. Look at the following statements (Questions 34-40) and the list of countries below. Match each statement with the correct country. NB You may use any letter more than once. 34. It helped other countries develop their own film industry. 35. It was the biggest producer of films. 36. It was first to develop the ‘feature’ film. 37. It was responsible for creating stars. 38. It made the most money from ‘avant-garde’ films. 39. It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences. 40. It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size.
List of Countries A France B Germany C USA D Denmark E Sweden F Japan G Soviet Union H Italy I Britain J China
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You have a choice of three Supafone Mobile Digital access plans: Leisure time, Executive and Highflier. They are designed to meet the needs of light, moderate and high-volume users. Calls in each plan are charged at only two rates – short- distance and long-distance. You enjoy big savings with off-peak calls. LEISURE TIME: Your mobile phone is mainly for personal use. You use your phone to keep family and friends in touch. You don’t want to strain your budget. With this plan you enjoy the lowest monthly access fee and extremely competitive costs for calls. However, a monthly minimum call charge applies. EXECUTIVE: You’re in business and need to be able to call your office and your clients whenever the need arises. You value the convenience of a mobile phone but need to keep a close eye on overheads. For frequent users: the monthly access fee is slightly higher, but you enjoy the savings of a discounted call rate. HIGHFLIER: You are always on the move and communications are critical. You need to be able to call and be called wherever you are – world-wide. As a high-volume user you pay an access fee of just $60 a month but even lower call rates.
Question 1-7. Classify the following statements. A. the LEISURE TIME plan B. the EXECUTIVE plan C. the HIGHFLIER plan D. ALL three of the plans 1. The monthly access fee is the highest but the call rates are the lowest. 2. Calls are charged at short-distance or long-distance rates. 3. This plan is NOT primarily intended for people who need a mobile phone for their work. 4. This plan is a cost-effective choice if you spend just over $100 a month on calls. 5. It costs 21 cents for a 30-second long-distance call at 2 p.m. 6. The connection fee is $30. 7. You will have to pay a minimum amount for calls each month. Read the text below and answer Questions 8-14
WESTWINDS FARM CAMPSITE Open April – September (Booking is advised for holidays in July and August to guarantee a place.) Jim and Meg Oaks welcome you to the campsite. We hope you will enjoy your stay here. We ask all campers to show due care and consideration whilst staying here and to observe the following camp rules. • Keep the campsite clean and tidy: – dispose of litter in the bins provided; – leave the showers, toilets and washing area in the same state as you found them; – ensure your site is clear of all litter when you leave it. • Don’t obstruct rights of way. Keep cars, bikes, etc. off the road. • Let sleeping campers have some peace. Don’t make any noise after 10 o’clock at night or before 7.30 in the morning. • Dogs must be kept on a lead. Owners of dogs that disturb other campers by barking through the night will be asked to leave. • Disorderly behaviour will not be tolerated. • The lighting of fires is strictly prohibited. • Ball games are not allowed on the campsite. There is plenty of room for ball games in the park opposite the campsite. • Radios, portable music equipment, etc. must not be played at high volume. The management reserves the right to refuse admittance.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8. The campsite is open all year round. 9. You should book ahead for the busier times of the year. 10. The minimum stay at the campsite is two nights. 11. The entrance to the campsite is locked after 10 p.m. 12. No dogs are allowed on the campsite. 13. You are not allowed to cook food on open fires. 14. The owners of the campsite may not allow you to camp there.
SECTION 2. QUESTION 15-27. Read the text below and answer Questions 15-27 THE LAW ON MINIMUM PAY
Who is entitled to minimum pay? Nearly all workers aged 16 years and over, including part-time workers, are entitled to the National Minimum Wage. Amongst those to whom it does not apply are those engaged in unpaid work and family members employed by the family business. What is the minimum wage that I am entitled to? The National Wage Act specifies the minimum rates of pay applicable nationwide. Since 1 October 2007, the adult rate for workers aged 22 and over has been £5.25 per hour. The development rate for 18-21 year olds and for workers getting training in the first 6 months of a job is £4.60 per hour. The rate for 16-17 year olds starts at £3.40 an hour. There are special provisions for some workers, for example those whose job includes accommodation. Pay means gross pay and includes any items paid through the payroll such as overtime, bonus payments, commission and tips and gratuities. I believe I’m being paid below the National Minimum Wage Rate. How can I complain? If you are being paid less than this, there are various steps you can take: • If you feel able, you should talk directly with your employer. This is a clear legal right, and employers can be fined for not paying the NMW. • If you are a trade union member, you should call in the union. • If neither of these is appropriate then you can email via the Revenue and Customs website or call their helpline for advice.
You have the legal right to inspect your employer’s pay records if you believe, on reasonable grounds, that you are being paid less than the NMW. Your employer is required to produce the records within 14 days, and must make them available at your place of work or at some other reasonable place. If your employer fails to produce the records, you may take the matter to an employment tribunal. You must make your complaint within three months of the ending of the 14- day notice period.
Question 15-21. Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.
15. The law on minimum pay doesn′t cover you if you are working in your………………..or if you are a volunteer. 16. You may be paid under £5 an hour if you are receiving………………………at the start of a job. 17. There are different rules for people who are provided with…………………..with their jobs. 18. If you earn extra money, for example for working longer hours or in tips, this counts as part of your wage when you receive it via…………. 19. Anyone being paid below the National Minimum Wage should speak to their…………………………if they can. 20. According to the law, you can ask to look at your boss′s……………………………….. 21. You have a period of………………………….to complain if your boss does not co-operate within the specified period of time.
DEALING WITH YOUR OFFICE EMAILS
Email has completely changed the way we work today. It offers many benefits and, if used well, can be an excellent tool for improving your own efficiency. Managed badly, though, email can be a waste of valuable time. Statistics indicate that office workers need to wade through an average of more than 30 emails a day. Despite your best efforts, unsolicited email or spam can clutter up the most organised inbox and infect your computer system with viruses. Here we give you guidance on protecting yourself. Prioritising incoming messages: If you are regularly faced with a large volume of incoming messages, you need to prioritise your inbox to identify which emails are really important. If it is obvious spam, it can be deleted without reading. Then follow these steps for each email: • Check who the email is from. Were you expecting or hoping to hear from the sender? How quickly do they expect you to respond? • Check what the email is about. Is the subject urgent? Is it about an issue that falls within your sphere of responsibility, or should it just be forwarded to someone else? • Has the email been in your inbox for long? Check the message time.
An initial scan like this can help you identify the emails that require your prompt attention. The others can be kept for reading at a more convenient time. Replying in stages: Having prioritised your emails, you can answer them in stages, first with a brief acknowledgement and then a more detailed follow-up. This is particularly advisable when dealing with complicated matters where you don’t want to give a rushed answer. If you decide to do this, tell the recipient a definite date when you’ll be able to get back to him or her and try to keep to this wherever possible. Some emails are uncomplicated and only require a brief, one line answer, so it’s a good idea to reply to these immediately. For example, if all you need to say is, ‘Yes, I can make the 10.00 meeting’, or ‘Thanks, that’s just the information I needed’, do it. If you are unable to reply there and then or choose not to, let the sender know that you’ve received the message and will be in touch as soon as possible.
Question 22-27. Complete the flow chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
Section 3. Question 28-40. Read the text below and answer questions 28-40
THE IRON BRIDGE
The Iron Bridge was the first of its kind in Europe and is universally recognised as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution.
A The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, in the west of England. It was the first cast-iron bridge to be successfully erected, and the first large cast-iron structure of the industrial age in Europe, although the Chinese were expert iron-casters many centuries earlier.
B Rivers used to be the equivalent of today’s motorways, in that they were extensively used for transportation. The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventually enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain. It was ideal for transportation purposes, and special boats were built to navigate the waters. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Severn was one of the busiest rivers in Europe. Local goods, including coal, iron products, wool, grain and cider, were sent by river. Among the goods coming upstream were luxuries such as sugar, tea, coffee and wine. In places, the riverbanks were lined with wharves and the river was often crowded with boats loading or unloading.
C In 1638, Basil Brooke patented a steel-making process and built a furnace at Coalbrookdale. This later became the property of Abraham Darby (referred to as Abraham Darby I to distinguish him from his son and grandson of the same name). After serving an apprenticeship in Birmingham, Darby had started a business in Bristol, but he moved to Coalbrookdale in 1710 with an idea that coke derived from coal could provide a more economical alternative to charcoal as a fuel for iron making. This led to cheaper, more efficient iron making from the abundant supplies of coal, iron and limestone in the area.
D His son, Abraham Darby II, pioneered the manufacture of cast iron, and had the idea of building a bridge over the Severn, as ferrying stores of all kinds across the river, particularly the large quantities of fuel for the furnaces at Coalbrookdale and other surrounding ironworks, involved considerable expense and delay. However, it was his son Abraham Darby III (born in 1750) who, in 1775, organised a meeting to plan the building of a bridge. This was designed by a local architect, Thomas Pritchard, who had the idea of constructing it of iron.
E Sections were cast during the winter of 1778-9 for a 7-metre-wide bridge with a span of 31 metres, 12 metres above the river. Construction took three months during the summer of 1779, and remarkably, nobody was injured during the construction process – a feat almost unheard of even in modern major civil engineering projects. Work on the approach roads continued for another two years, and the bridge was opened to traffic in 1781. Abraham Darby III funded the bridge by commissioning paintings and engravings, but he lost a lot on the project, which had cost nearly double the estimate, and he died leaving massive debts in 1789, aged only 39. The district did not flourish for much longer, and during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries factories closed down. Since 1934 the bridge has been open only to pedestrians. Universally recognised as the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, the Iron Bridge now stands at the heart of the Iron bridge Gorge World Heritage Site.
F It has always been a mystery how the bridge was built. Despite its pioneering technology, no eye-witness accounts are known which describe the iron bridge being erected – and certainly no plans have survived. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built, challenging the assumptions of recent decades. In 1997 a small watercolour sketch by Elias Martin came to light in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. Although there is a wealth of early views of the bridge by numerous artists, this is the only one which actually shows it under construction.
G Up until recently it had been assumed that the bridge had been built from both banks, with the inner supports tilted across the river. This would have allowed river traffic to continue unimpeded during construction. But the picture clearly shows sections of the bridge being raised from a barge in the river. It contradicted everything historians had assumed about the bridge, and it was even considered that the picture could have been a fake as no other had come to light. So in 2001 a half-scale model of the bridge was built, in order to see if it could have been constructed in the way depicted in the watercolour. Meanwhile, a detailed archaeological, historical and photographic survey was done by the Iron bridge Gorge Museum Trust, along with a 3D CAD (computer-aided design) model by English Heritage.
H The results tell us a lot more about how the bridge was built. We now know that all the large castings were made individually as they are all slightly different. The bridge wasn’t welded or bolted together as metal bridges are these days. Instead it was fitted together using a complex system of joints normally used for wood – but this was the traditional way in which iron structures were joined at the time. The construction of the model proved that the painting shows a very realistic method of constructing the bridge that could work and was in all probability the method used.
I Now only one mystery remains in the Iron Bridge story. The Swedish watercolour sketch had apparently been torn from a book which would have contained similar sketches. It had been drawn by a Swedish artist who lived in London for 12 years and travelled Britain drawing what he saw. Nobody knows what has happened to the rest of the book, but perhaps the other sketches still exist somewhere. If they are ever found they could provide further valuable evidence of how the Iron Bridge was constructed.
Question 28-31. Answer the questions below. Choose ONE NUMBER ONLY from the text for each answer.
28. When was the furnace bought by Darby originally constructed? 29. When were the roads leading to the bridge completed? 30. When was the bridge closed to traffic? 31. When was a model of the bridge built?
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
32. There is no written evidence of how the original bridge was constructed. 33. The painting by Elias Martin is the only one of the bridge when it was new. 34. The painting shows that the bridge was constructed from the two banks. 35. The original bridge and the model took equally long to construct. 36. Elias Martin is thought to have made other paintings of the bridge.
Question 37-40. The text has nine paragraphs, A-I. Which paragraph of the text contains the following information? 37. why a bridge was required across the River Severn 38. a method used to raise money for the bridge 39. why Coalbrookdale became attractive to iron makers 40. how the sections of the bridge were connected to each other
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Interlocutor Role Play Card Setting: Hospital Ward
Patient: You are 33 years old and were hospitalized two days ago due to a kidney infection. You feel a little better now but still find it difficult to consume food or fluids. The doctor feels you are not ready to be discharged. You have two children at home who are being cared for by your husband/wife. You are desperate to go home and are upset and angry about the situation. TASK When asked by the nurse, explain why you want to be discharged (feeling better, can take medication/care of self at home, wish to be with/assist family). Resist the idea of staying in hospital and insist that you can continue the treatment at home with home visits if needed. Be difficult to convince, but reluctantly agree to stay if help can be provided for your family.
Candidate Role Play Card Setting: Hospital Ward
Nurse: You are speaking to a 33-year-old patient who was admitted two days ago, and was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis (kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection). He/ she has a fever, has not been able to eat or drink anything, and has been given intravenous therapy. He/she wants to be discharged from the hospital, but the doctor feels they are not fit to go home at present. The patient appears upset and agitated. TASK Find out why the patient wants to be discharged early. Explain why staying in the hospital is necessary for their current condition (e.g. intravenous therapy needed because body rejecting food/fluids/oral medication, close monitoring of blood and urine to track infection, etc.). Try to persuade the patient to remain in hospital (e.g. potential kidney damage/failure, risk of blood poisoning, unable to provide care at home, etc.). Suggest home help be organized by hospital social worker for the family.
Patient: You are a 64-year-old who underwent a left total knee replacement three weeks ago. At the time of discharge, you were advised to use a walker and to adhere to the recommended physiotherapy exercises at home until your follow-up appointment in a month. You stopped using the walker yesterday evening. TASK Tell the nurse why you stopped using the walker (makes you feel disabled/old. can now walk independently, knee healing well). Insist you have been compliant with the recommended exercise regime and you do not want to be dependent on anything for routine activities. Admit it is sometimes painful if you put weight on the knee for extended periods of time Reluctantly agree to use a walker until your follow-up appointment.
Candidate Role Play Card Setting: Home Visit
Nurse: You are visiting a 64-year-old patient who underwent a left total knee replacement three weeks ago. This visit is to monitor the patient’s progress before his/her follow-up appointment scheduled in a month, the post-discharge instructions included using a walker for mobility and compliance with the recommended physiotherapy. During your visit, you notice that the patient is not using the walker. TASK Find out when and why the patient stopped using the walker « Advise the patient on the importance of physiotherapy and using the walker (e.g. physiotherapy increases range of motion/strength. Walker assists with balance, reduces risk of falls, lessens weight/pressure put on weakened muscles of knee, etc.). Find out if the patient has been experiencing pain. Encourage the patient to use a walker until his/her follow-up appointment (reduction in pain, shortened recovery time, etc.). Corrected.
Interlocutor Role Play Card: Setting: General Practice
Patient: You are the parent of a four-year-old boy, who has just put his hand through a rusty nail whilst playing at the local park. Your child is very upset and does not want to receive the necessary tetanus injection. TASK Explain that it happened about 25 minutes ago at the local park when he picked up a plank of wood to play with. You removed his hand from the nail. Say that you don’t want your son to receive the tetanus injection now because it’s too stressful. Explain that you forgot to bring him for his childhood vaccination and tell the nurse that you would prefer your partner to come after work to support you. Reluctantly agree to your son having the injection.
Candidate Role Play Card: Setting: General Practice
Nurse: You are the Nurse at a General Practice. A parent comes to see you with their four- year-old son, who has just put a rusty nail through his hand whilst playing at the local park. He needs to have a tetanus injection immediately but is distressed and refusing to have it. TASK Find out the details of the incident. Explain that you need to clean and dress the wound and that he will need a tetanus injection. Explain why the child needs the injection immediately (did not receive it as part of childhood vaccination program, deep wound, foreign bodies present). Persuade the parent to allow their child to have it now and warn about the potential risks of tetanus (fatal disease, causes seizures, muscle stiffness, lockjaw, difficult breathing). Offer your support and reassurance. After giving the injections, explain the rare and mild side-effects (feeling achy/tired, mild nausea/light-headedness)
Interlocutor Role Play Card Setting: Hospital Ward
NOK: You are the son/daughter of an 82-year-old woman, who had bunion surgery two weeks ago. Your mother is coming to live with you for six months, so you can care for her while she recovers. TASK Respond to the nurse’s question by saying you are not sure what level of care will be required. Respond in surprise and concern at the amount of care required – worried you will make a mistake or won’t be able to manage physically or emotionally. Find out why your mother needs to wear a surgical boot. Ask the nurse to explain the medicine and how it should be taken.
Candidate Role Play Card Setting: Hospital Ward
Nurse: You are speaking to the son/daughter of an 82-year-old female patient who had bunion surgery two weeks ago. The patient will be in the son/daughter’s care for the six-month recovery period. TASK Find out how prepared the son/daughter feels about their mother’s discharge to their home. Explain the mother’s needs for the first eight weeks (NSAIDs/painkillers, dressing changes, mobility, personal hygiene, meal preparation). Reassure the son/daughter that it is manageable and give advice on strategies which will make caring for their mother easier (set up a routine, get a medicine organizer, ensure she has everything she needs nearby, wear a surgical boot). Explain the role of the surgical boot (protects the foot). Explain the painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs x 1 naproxen (painkiller and anti-inflammatory) every 12 hours, ibuprofen (painkiller and anti-inflammatory) x 2 every 4 hours, not to exceed 8/day.
