Some argue that technology has improved communication and brought people together, while others believe it has led to increased isolation. Discuss both views.
Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre
Technology, especially in communication, has undergone substantial evolution, profoundly impacting global societies and individuals. While proponents argue its unequivocal role in fostering closer human connections, detractors contend it has precipitated increased social isolation.
Advocates laud technological advancements for revolutionising interpersonal communication, transcending temporal and spatial barriers. The integration of the internet into smartphones exemplifies this transformative evolution, facilitating seamless connectivity irrespective of geographical distances. Platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Skype, and Google Meet epitomise this paradigm shift, fostering meaningful interactions and bridging physical divides. Such developments are particularly invaluable for individuals with distant loved ones, alleviating the anguish of separation and enhancing emotional bonds.
Conversely, critics highlight technology’s potential to breed social detachment, even in the midst of physical proximity. In modern households, familial interactions are often overshadowed by virtual engagements, perpetuating emotional disconnection and exacerbating subjective loneliness. The alarming surge in suicide rates underscores the pernicious ramifications of such detachment, underscoring the paradox of connectivity amidst isolation.
In conclusion, while technology has revolutionised communication, its impact on social dynamics is multifaceted. Striking a delicate balance between leveraging its benefits and mitigating its pitfalls is imperative to harness its full potential. Only by cultivating mindful tech usage can we navigate the complexities of the digital age while nurturing authentic human connections.
List of vocabulary used:
Substantial: Of considerable importance, size, or worth.
Evolution: The gradual development or change of something over time.
Profoundly: Deeply or significantly; having a strong impact.
Global: Relating to the whole world; worldwide.
Societies: Groups of people living together in organised communities with shared customs, laws, and organisations.
Individuals: Single human beings, considered separately from a group.
Proponents: Advocates or supporters of a particular idea or cause.
Unequivocal: Clear and without any doubt or ambiguity.
Fostering: Promoting the development or growth of something.
Detractors: Critics or opponents of a particular idea or cause.
Precipitated: To cause something to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely, often triggered by certain factors or circumstances.
Isolation: The state of being separated from others; loneliness or lack of social contact.
Advocates: Supporters or champions of a particular cause or idea.
Laud: Praise (a person or their achievements) highly, especially in a public context.
Revolutionising: Bringing about a complete change or overhaul in something.
Interpersonal: Relating to relationships or communication between people.
Transcending: Going beyond the limits or boundaries of something.
Temporal: Relating to time.
Spatial: Relating to space or physical distance.
Integration: The act of combining or incorporating different elements into a unified whole.
Exemplifies: Serves as a typical example or instance of something.
Transformative: Bringing about a significant change or transformation.
Facilitating: Making an action or process easier or more efficient.
Paradigm shift: A fundamental change in the way of thinking or doing something.
Seamless: Smooth and without any interruptions or inconsistencies.
Connectivity: The state or ability of being connected or linked.
Irrespective: Regardless of; without regard to.
Geographical: Relating to the physical features and landscapes of a particular area or region.
Invaluable: Extremely useful or valuable; indispensable.
Alleviating: Relieving or reducing the intensity of something, such as pain or distress.
Anguish: Severe mental or emotional pain or distress.
Exacerbating: Making a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Subjective: Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.
Loneliness: The state of feeling alone or isolated; the absence of companionship.
Pernicious: Having a harmful or destructive effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Ramifications: Consequences or effects that arise as a result of an action, decision, or event.
Underscoring: Emphasising or highlighting the importance or significance of something.
Paradox: A seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true.
Multifaceted: Having many different aspects or features.
Striking: Noticeable or conspicuous; attracting attention.
Delicate: Easily broken or damaged; fragile.
Mitigating: Lessening the severity or impact of something.
Imperative: Of vital importance; crucial.
Harness: To control and make use of (natural resources or a particular skill or quality) for a particular purpose.
Cultivating: Developing or improving by education or training.
Mindful: Being conscious or aware of something; paying attention to the present moment.
Authentic: Genuine; true to one’s own personality, spirit, or character.
Navigating: Finding one’s way or course through something, especially with skill or care.
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Text A Hypertension is one of the most common lifestyle diseases to date. It affects people from all walks of life. Let us get to know hypertension more by its definitions.
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg. This is based on the average of two or more accurate blood pressure measurements during two or more consultations with the healthcare provider. The definition is taken from the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
Text B Etiology and pathophysiology
1. Etiology is complex; begins insidiously; changes in arteriolar bed cause increased resistance; increased blood volume may result from hormonal or renal dysfunction; arteriolar thickening causes increased peripheral vascular resistance; abnormal renin release constricts arterioles
a. 90% to 95% have an unidentifiable cause (essential or primary hypertension);multiple factors such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, sympathetic nervous system activity, and insulin resistance may be involved b. 5% to 10% have identifiable causes (secondary hypertension); pathophysiology is related to condition causing the rise in pressure; conditions include Reno vascular disease; primary hyperaldosteronism; Cushing’s syndrome; diabetes mellitus; neurologic disorders; dysfunction of thyroid, pituitary, or parathyroid glands; coarctation of the aorta; and pregnancy Classification of BP by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) (JNC 8 will be available summer 2011)
a. Normal: systolic less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg b. Prehypertension: systolic 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic 80 to 89 mm Hg c. Stage 1 hypertension: systolic 140 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic 90 to 99 mm Hg d. Stage 2 hypertension: systolic 160 mm Hg or more, or diastolic 100 mm Hg or more
TEXT C
Text D Care of Clients with Hypertension Assessment/Analysis
1. Vital signs in both upright and recumbent positions; use appropriate cuff (width should be 40% of the arm’s circumference); avoid errors of parallax when readings phygmomanometer
2. Baseline weight
3. Presence of risk factors and clinical evidence of target organ damage
Planning/Implementation
1. Monitor levels of electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lipid profile, and urine for protein
2. Encourage weight reduction if indicated; weigh daily to monitor fluid balance when there is threat of heart failure
3. Teach to monitor own BP; a BP of 180/120 mm Hg or higher represents a hypertensive emergency; advise to change position slowly and avoid hot showers to prevent orthostatic hypotension when taking antihypertensives
4. Support expression of emotions; encourage relaxation techniques
5. Reinforce that hypertension is not cured, but controlled
PART A TIME: 15 minutes.
1. Stages of CVD prevention ……………. 2. Assessment of baseline weight ……………….. 3. Hypertension affects people from all walks life …………. 4. The range of blood pressure represents stage I hypertension …………. 5. Checking vital signs in both upright and recumbent positions …………. 6. Causes of hypertension …………… 7. Teaching client to check his/her own BP ……………
Questions 8-14. Answer each of the questions, 8-4, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts. Each answer may include words, number of the both. Your answers should be correctly spelled.
8. What is the minimum diastolic pressure in person with pre hypertension? 9. The client who is with normal blood pressure should be educated on what? 10. What should be avoided while reading sphygmomanometer? 11. What must be checked daily to monitor fluid balance when there is threat of heart failure? 12. What is the maximum systolic pressure in client with stage 1 hypertension? 13. The client with over weight is required to be encouraged on …………? 14. In how many visits the BP should be checked once the stage 1 hypertension is determined?
Questions 15-20. Complete each of the sentences, 15- 20, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts. Each answer may include words, number or both. Your answers should be correctly spelled
15. Presence of risk factors and …………. of target organ damage are assessed in the hypertensive patients. 16. Hypertension is one of the most common ………………..diseases to date. 17. The definition of hypertension is taken from the ………………. report of the joint National Committee 18. ………………..% have identifiable causes (secondary hypertension ) 19. Reinforce that hypertension is not……. but controlled. 20. Monitor levels of electrolytes, BUN…….. lipid profile and urine for protein.
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There is more and more outrage and anger common in society today. Why is this? Is this a positive or a negative development?
Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre
In contemporary society, there has been a noticeable surge in outrage and anger, manifesting in various forms. This essay will delve into the reasons behind the escalation of outrage and anger, and discuss why it has both positive and negative impact on the society.
One primary reason for the proliferation of outrage and anger is the widespread dissemination of information facilitated by social media platforms. With the advent of digital communication, individuals can easily voice their opinions and grievances to a wide audience, often without filter or restraint. Moreover, the anonymity provided by online platforms emboldens people to express their emotions more vehemently, leading to heightened outrage culture. Additionally, socio-economic disparities, political polarisation, and cultural divisions further contribute to societal tension, fuelling feelings of resentment and frustration among various segments of the population.
The escalation of outrage and anger poses several detrimental consequences for society. Firstly, it exacerbates social division and polarizes communities, hindering constructive dialogue and collaboration. Instead of fostering understanding and empathy, heightened anger often leads to increased hostility and conflict. Furthermore, excessive outrage can undermine social cohesion and erode trust in institutions, ultimately destabilizing the fabric of society. Moreover, prolonged exposure to negativity and anger can have adverse effects on individuals’ mental health and well-being, perpetuating a cycle of negativity and discontent.
Despite its negative implications, outrage and anger can also serve as catalysts for positive change. Historically, many social movements and reforms have been born out of collective outrage against injustice and inequality. By mobilizing individuals and galvanizing public opinion, outrage can pressure authorities to address systemic issues and enact meaningful reforms. Additionally, expressing anger can be cathartic for individuals, providing a sense of empowerment and agency in the face of perceived injustices.
In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of outrage and anger in contemporary society is a complex phenomenon with both negative and positive implications. While it can fuel social division, undermine cohesion, and negatively impact mental health, outrage also has the potential to spark positive change and empower individuals. Ultimately, society must strive to channel collective anger constructively, fostering dialogue, empathy, and solidarity to address underlying issues and build a more harmonious future.
Vocabulary
proliferation – rapid increase or growth
manifesting – displaying or showing
delve – to explore or investigate deeply
dissemination – the act of spreading widely
emboldens – to make someone feel brave or courageous
vehemently – with intense emotion or passion
tension – a state of strain or unease
resentment – bitter indignation or ill will
exacerbates – makes a problem or situation worse
polarizes – divides or separates into opposing groups
hostility – unfriendliness or antagonism
conflict – a disagreement or dispute
undermine – to weaken or compromise
destabilising – causing instability or insecurity
fabric – the underlying structure or foundation
adverse – harmful or unfavorable
implications – consequences or effects
catalysts – agents that stimulate or accelerate change
systemic – relating to an entire system
mobilising – organising or assembling for action
galvanising – stimulating or arousing to action
cathartic – providing psychological relief through expression
empowerment – the process of becoming stronger and more confident
perceive – to become aware or recognize
contemporary – modern or current
anonymity – the state of being anonymous or unidentified
grievances – complaints or grievances
animosity – strong hostility or resentment
dialogue – conversation or discussion
detrimental – harmful or damaging
discontent – dissatisfaction or unhappiness
coherence – unity or coherence
multifaceted – having many aspects or facets
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Duolingo / PTE / IELTS double questions are a type of task in the Writing and Speaking sections of the exam where candidates are required to address two distinct questions within the same prompt. These questions are typically related or connected in some way, requiring candidates to provide cohesive and well-organised responses. Here, some of the Duolingo / PTE / IELTS double questions for you to practise.
Asked on 23/03/2024: IELTS writing task 2:
Question :Children’s life is greatly influenced by their friends. What kind of influence can friendship make in one’s life? To what extent parents can control it?
1. In recent years, there has been a rise in the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports. What are the consequences of doping for athletes? What measures should be taken to combat this issue?
2. The rise of social media platforms has made it easier for people to vent their frustrations and complaints publicly. What is the consequence of this trend? Is there any benefit to expressing complaints on social media?
3. In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining. Why do you think this is happening? How can this issue be solved?
4. In many societies, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable living and reducing environmental impact. What are the challenges of adopting a sustainable lifestyle? What practical actions can individuals take to contribute to sustainability?
5. Some countries have introduced laws to limit the working hours that an employer can ask from an employee. Why are these laws introduced? Is this a positive or negative trend?
6. Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects at university in many countries. Why is this? What effects does this have on society?
7. In many countries, people increasingly talk about money such as how much they earn or how much they pay for things in their daily conversations. Why? Is this a positive or negative trend?
8. Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that in many cities around the world there are constant traffic jams. How true do you think this statement is? What measures can governments take to discourage people from owning cars?
11. Advanced technology has brought many beneficial changes to the world. However, some old people today struggle with the use of technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet. How can the elderly benefit from using advanced technologies? How can the elderly be encouraged to use consumer electronics more often?
12. There is more and more outrage and anger common in society today. Why is this? Is this a positive or a negative development?
13. These days consumers are faced with an increasing amount of advertising from various companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertising? What measures should be taken to protect them?
14. In many countries, people now wear western clothes such as suits and jeans rather than traditional clothing. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?
16. More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending time in communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work such as teaching or building houses. Why is this? Who benefits more from this, the communities or these young people?
17. Weddings are getting bigger and more expensive. What is the reason for this? Is it a positive or negative development?
18. Some people say that now is the best time in history to be living. What is your opinion about this? What other time in history would be interesting to live in?
19. Today, TV channels broadcast men’s sports shows more than women’s sport shows. Why is this the case? Should TV channels give equal showtime for each?
20. Many young people today know more about international pop or movie stars than about famous people in the history of their own country. Why is this? What can be done to increase young people’s interest in famous people in the history of their country?
21. There are different methods businesses use to increase their sales. What are the different ways companies use to increase sales? Which one is the most effective?
22. Many adults nowadays prefer spending their free time playing computer games. Why do they do this? Is this a positive or negative development?
23. Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think are consumers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?
24. In many countries, people now wear western-style dress such as suits and jeans rather than traditional clothing. Why is this? Is this a positive or negative development?
25. Some believe children should be taught to give speeches and presentations in school. Why is this? Should this be taught in schools?
26. In many countries, increasing numbers of people are becoming interested in learning about the history of the house or building where they live. What are the reasons behind this? How can individuals research this?
27. In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasize that their products are new in some way. Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
28. Some people today prefer to get advice for medical problems and do not want to visit a doctor. Why is this? Is this a positive or a negative development?
29. In recent times, economic growth has helped many become richer, both in developed and developing countries. However, those in developed countries are not as happy as they were in the past. Why is this? What can be learned from this?
30. Some people spend a lot of money celebrating personal family events, such as weddings and birthdays. How important is it to celebrate such events? Do you think people spend too much money on these events?
31. Some people work harder than others. Why is this? Is this a positive or negative habit?
32. Some countries have introduced laws to limit working hours for employees. Why are these laws introduced? Do you think they are a positive or negative development?
33. Competition for university study is becoming increasingly strong. Why are universities becoming more competitive? Is this a positive or negative development?
34. Many people are working longer hours. Why is this happening? What problems can this cause to people?
35. Around the world, more and more people today are living in urban areas. Why is this? What problems does this cause?
36. In some countries, there are fewer young people who listen to or play classical music these days. Why is this? Should young people be encouraged to play or perform classical music?
37. Nowadays people live longer after they retire. How does this affect individuals and society? What can be done about this?
38. Many educational institutions give greater importance to subjects related to science and ignore subjects such as drama and literature. Why is this? Is this a positive or negative development?
39. Shopping is now one of the most popular forms of leisure activities in many countries for young adults. Why is this? Do you think this is a positive or a negative development?
40. These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work. What could be the reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development?
41. Access to clean drinking water remains a challenge in many parts of the world. What are the obstacles to achieving universal access to clean water? What measures can be taken to address water scarcity and contamination?
42. The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is increasing as the world seeks to transition to cleaner energy sources. What are the challenges and opportunities associated with renewable energy adoption? How can governments incentivize renewable energy investment?
43. Online misinformation and fake news have proliferated in the digital age, leading to widespread confusion and polarization. What are the root causes of online misinformation? How can individuals and platforms combat the spread of fake news?
44. Workplace diversity and inclusion initiatives have become increasingly important for fostering equitable and inclusive work environments. What are the benefits of workplace diversity? How can organizations promote diversity and inclusion effectively?
45. The global rise of income inequality has profound social and economic implications. What are the root causes of income inequality? What policies can governments implement to reduce income inequality and promote economic equity?
46. The trend of “remote learning” has accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with many educational institutions adopting online teaching methods. What are the benefits and challenges of remote learning? How can educators optimise online learning experiences for students?
47. The phenomenon of “cancel culture” has gained traction in recent years, leading to public figures facing consequences for past actions or statements. What are the motivations behind cancel culture? Is it an effective tool for holding individuals accountable?
48. The popularity of plant-based diets and vegetarianism has surged, driven by concerns about health, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. What factors contribute to the rise of plant-based eating? Is widespread adoption of plant-based diets feasible?
49. The trend of “voluntourism,” where travellers engage in short-term volunteer projects abroad, has faced criticism for its potential negative impacts on local communities. What motivates people to participate in voluntourism? How can voluntourism be approached responsibly?
50. The rise of online education platforms and e-learning tools has transformed traditional education models. What are the advantages and challenges of online education? How can online learning be optimized for student engagement and learning outcomes?
51. The trend of “conscious consumerism,” where consumers prioritize ethical and sustainable products, is gaining momentum. What drives people to embrace conscious consumerism? How can businesses authentically incorporate sustainability into their practices?
52. Mental health awareness campaigns have become more prevalent, encouraging people to seek support and destigmatize mental illnesses. What are the factors contributing to the rise of mental health awareness? How effective are these campaigns in promoting well-being?
53. The concept of minimalism, embracing a simple and clutter-free lifestyle, has gained traction in consumer culture. What drives people to adopt minimalistic lifestyles? Is minimalism a sustainable solution to overconsumption?
54. The phenomenon of “food deserts,” where communities lack access to affordable and nutritious food, persists in many urban and rural areas. What are the underlying causes of food deserts? What strategies can be implemented to increase food accessibility in underserved communities?
responsibly?
55. The phenomenon of “helicopter parenting,” where parents excessively intervene in their children’s lives, has become increasingly common. What are the factors driving helicopter parenting? What are the potential consequences for children’s development?
56. The “gig economy” has reshaped the labor market, offering flexibility but also precarious employment for many workers. What are the advantages and disadvantages of gig economy employment? How can policymakers ensure worker protections in the gig economy?
57. Urbanisation is accelerating as more people migrate to cities in search of economic opportunities and better living conditions. What are the effects of rapid urbanisation on infrastructure, environment, and social dynamics? How can cities effectively manage urban growth and development?
58. The prevalence of mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, is increasing globally. What are the contributing factors to the rise in mental health issues? How can society improve mental health support and resources?
59. Cybersecurity threats, including data breaches and hacking attacks, pose significant risks to individuals, businesses, and governments. What are the motivations behind cyber attacks? How can organizations enhance cybersecurity measures to mitigate risks?
60. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in various sectors, from healthcare to finance, is on the rise. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of widespread AI adoption? How can society ensure ethical AI development and deployment?
61. The trend of “workation,” where individuals combine work and vacation by working remotely from scenic locations, has gained popularity. What motivates people to opt for workations? Is this trend conducive to work-life balance?
62. Online activism, such as hashtag campaigns and online petitions, has become a prominent tool for advocating social change. What are the advantages and limitations of online activism compared to traditional forms of activism?
63. The rise of “greenwashing,” where companies exaggerate or mislead consumers about their environmental sustainability efforts, has raised concerns about corporate transparency. What motivates companies to engage in greenwashing? How can consumers identify and combat greenwashing?
64. The “digital divide” refers to disparities in access to technology and digital resources between different socioeconomic groups. What are the consequences of the digital divide? How can society bridge this gap and ensure equitable access to technology?
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1. Began 2 2. Sinus congestion and (may be) photophobia 3. History of migraine 4. Cranial nerves was intact 5. Cervical muscle spasm 6. Elicited by neck motions
7. Shoulder range of motion 8. Neurovascular compression 9. Carotid bruits 10.vibratory sense 11.without aura 12.therapeutic trial of inderal 40 mg
13.pancreatic mass 14.transient ischemic attack 15.creon 20 three times daily 16.norvasc 5 mg daily 17.pamelor 15 ml every evening 18.vancomycin 19.bicarbonate 31
20.total bilirubin 3.2 21.hematocrit 26.6 22.lipase less than 10 23.hyponatremia and hypokalemia 24.possibility of endocarditis
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The given map illustrates the developments and alterations that have come about in the amenities of city hospital from 2007 to 2010.
Overall, it is evident that the hospital vicinity underwent significant upgrades, including addition of bus station, car park, and roundabouts.
In 2007, City Hospital staff lacked designated parking spots and had to park alongside the public in the southeast area, which provided access to the ring road at the right side that encircled the hospital. By 2010, the two parking areas were separated, with public parking relocated to the northeast corner, granting access to the ring road.
Notability, in 2010, the hospital premise got equipped with two new roundabouts, one in the south, and another in the heart of the campus, which interconnected the city road in the south with the adjacent hospital road, the ring road, as well as the bus station in the south west area. This infrastructure improvement greatly enhanced mobility, especially considering that in 2007, bus stops were quite congested, being positioned on both sides of the hospital road.
