All posts by Jomon P John

Gerund form

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Introduction to Gerunds

A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. In English, gerunds are versatile and can be used in various grammatical roles, such as the subject, object, or complement of a sentence. Understanding gerunds is crucial for mastering English grammar because they allow you to express actions as ideas or concepts.

Examples:

  • Running is good for your health.
  • She enjoys swimming.
  • His favorite activity is reading.

Formation of Gerunds

Gerunds are formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb. Here are some examples:

  • Play → Playing
  • Run → Running
  • Eat → Eating
  • Sing → Singing
  • Swim → Swimming

Note: If a verb ends in e, the e is usually dropped before adding -ing (e.g., “make” becomes “making”). If a verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, the final consonant is often doubled before adding -ing (e.g., “run” becomes “running”).

Uses of Gerunds

  1. Gerunds as Subjects
    Gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence. In this role, they describe an action or activity as the main focus.
  • Examples:
    • Cooking is my hobby.
    • Reading helps improve vocabulary.
    • Swimming in the ocean is fun.
  1. Gerunds as Objects
    Gerunds can act as the object of a verb, receiving the action of the verb.
  • Examples:
    • She enjoys dancing.
    • They avoided talking about the problem.
    • He suggested going to the park.
  1. Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions
    Gerunds are often used after prepositions, including phrasal verbs.
  • Examples:
    • They are interested in learning French.
    • She is good at painting.
    • He apologized for being late.
  1. Gerunds as Subject Complements
    Gerunds can serve as subject complements following a linking verb, providing more information about the subject.
  • Examples:
    • His favorite pastime is reading.
    • Her dream is becoming a doctor.
    • The hardest part is starting.
  1. Gerunds in Compound Nouns
    Gerunds can be part of compound nouns, where they describe a specific activity or purpose.
  • Examples:
    • Swimming pool
    • Cooking class
    • Diving board

Gerunds vs. Present Participles

It’s important not to confuse gerunds with present participles. Both forms end in -ing, but they function differently:

  • Gerund: Functions as a noun.
  • Example: Swimming is my passion.
  • Present Participle: Functions as part of a verb phrase or an adjective.
  • Example: She is swimming in the pool.

Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Certain verbs are commonly followed by gerunds. These verbs express preferences, activities, and mental processes:

  • Admit: She admitted cheating on the test.
  • Avoid: They avoided talking to him.
  • Consider: He considered changing jobs.
  • Enjoy: She enjoys playing the piano.
  • Finish: They finished building the house.
  • Practice: He practices speaking English every day.

To + Gerund

While “to” is commonly associated with the infinitive form of a verb (e.g., to eat, to run), there are instances where “to” is followed by a gerund. This happens particularly with certain verbs, adjectives, and expressions that require “to” as a preposition, rather than as part of an infinitive.

Examples:

  • Look forward to: I am looking forward to meeting you.
  • Be accustomed to: She is accustomed to waking up early.
  • Be committed to: He is committed to improving his skills.
  • Object to: They objected to working late hours.
  • Be used to: She is used to driving on the left side of the road.
  • In addition to: In addition to studying, he also works part-time.
  • Devote to: He devoted his life to helping others.
  • Be opposed to: They are opposed to changing the law.

The use of “to + gerund” can be confusing because “to” is usually associated with the infinitive form of a verb (e.g., “to run,” “to eat”). However, there are specific situations where “to” is a preposition and should be followed by a gerund (verb + -ing). Understanding where “to + gerund” is correct and where it is incorrect depends on the role of “to” in the sentence.

### When “To + Gerund” is Correct

“To” functions as a preposition in certain phrases, and like all prepositions, it must be followed by a gerund.

#### Common Phrases Requiring “To + Gerund”:

1. Be used to:

   – Correct: I am used to getting up early.

   – Explanation: “Used to” here means “accustomed to,” and “to” is a preposition, so it should be followed by a gerund.

2. Look forward to:

   – Correct: She looks forward to meeting you.

   – Explanation: In this expression, “to” is a preposition, so it is followed by a gerund.

3. Be committed to:

   – Correct: He is committed to improving his English.

   – Explanation: “To” is a preposition after “committed,” requiring a gerund.

4. Object to:

   – Correct: They object to working late.

   – Explanation: “To” acts as a preposition after “object,” so it is followed by a gerund.

5. Be accustomed to:

   – Correct: She is accustomed to living in a big city.

   – Explanation: “Accustomed to” uses “to” as a preposition, followed by a gerund.

6. In addition to:

   – Correct: In addition to studying, he also works part-time.

   – Explanation: “To” is a preposition, so it should be followed by a gerund.

### When “To + Gerund” is Incorrect

“To” is incorrect when it is part of an infinitive phrase. In such cases, it should be followed by the base form of a verb, not a gerund.

#### Examples of Incorrect “To + Gerund”:

1. Incorrect: She wants to going to the store.

   – Correct: She wants to go to the store.

   – Explanation: “To” is part of the infinitive “to go,” so it should be followed by the base form of the verb.

2. Incorrect: He decided to starting a new project.

   – Correct: He decided to start a new project.

   – Explanation: “To” is part of the infinitive “to start,” so it should be followed by the base form of the verb.

3. Incorrect: They agreed to helping us.

   – Correct: They agreed to help us.

   – Explanation: “To” is part of the infinitive “to help,” so it should be followed by the base form of the verb.

### Summary

– Correct “To + Gerund” occurs when “to” functions as a preposition (e.g., “committed to improving”).

– Incorrect “To + Gerund” occurs when “to” is part of an infinitive, where the base form of the verb should follow (e.g., “to go,” “to start”).

Examples of Gerunds in Sentences

  1. Walking in the park is relaxing.
  2. He loves fishing on weekends.
  3. They discussed opening a new store.
  4. Reading before bed helps me sleep.
  5. I can’t help laughing at his jokes.
  6. She avoided mentioning the incident.
  7. Traveling broadens your perspective.
  8. Listening to music soothes her.
  9. They are excited about moving to a new city.
  10. He suggested going for a walk.

Practice Exercises

  1. Identify the gerunds in the following sentences:
  • Swimming is a good way to stay fit.
  • She enjoys cooking Italian food.
  • Reading helps you learn.
  1. Complete the sentences with the correct gerund form:
  • He is interested in (learn) new languages.
  • She apologized for (arrive) late.
  • I look forward to (meet) you.

Conclusion

Gerunds are a fundamental part of English grammar, enabling speakers to express actions in the form of nouns. By mastering gerunds, you can enhance your communication skills, making your language more varied and expressive. Understanding how to use gerunds correctly will help you convey your ideas more clearly and fluently.

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Reported Speech: A Comprehensive Guide

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Introduction to Reported Speech

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way to convey what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. Instead of repeating the original speaker’s words verbatim (direct speech), we paraphrase them, often changing the pronouns, tense, and other elements to fit the context of the new sentence.

Difference Between Direct and Reported Speech

  • Direct Speech: “I am going to the market,” she said.
  • Reported Speech: She said (that) she was going to the market.

In direct speech, the exact words of the speaker are enclosed in quotation marks. In reported speech, quotation marks are omitted, and the tense is usually shifted back.

Key Changes When Using Reported Speech

  1. Tense Changes:
  • Present Simple to Past Simple:
    • Direct: “I enjoy reading books,” she said.
    • Reported: She said (that) she enjoyed reading books.
  • Present Continuous to Past Continuous:
    • Direct: “I am studying for my exams,” he said.
    • Reported: He said (that) he was studying for his exams.
  • Present Perfect to Past Perfect:
    • Direct: “I have finished my homework,” she said.
    • Reported: She said (that) she had finished her homework.
  1. Pronoun Changes:
  • Pronouns are adjusted to match the subject of the reporting clause.
  • Direct: “I need your help,” John said to me.
  • Reported: John said (that) he needed my help.
  1. Time and Place Words:
  • Words indicating time and place often change in reported speech.
  • Now becomes then.
  • Today becomes that day.
  • Tomorrow becomes the next day.
  • Here becomes there.
  • This becomes that.
  1. Question Forms:
  • In reported questions, the question word order changes to a statement structure, and auxiliary verbs like “do/does/did” are omitted.
  • Direct: “Where are you going?” he asked.
  • Reported: He asked where I was going.

Reporting Statements, Questions, and Commands

  1. Statements:
  • Use the reporting verb “said” or “told” (when mentioning the listener).
  • Example:
    • Direct: “The movie starts at 7 PM,” she said.
    • Reported: She said (that) the movie started at 7 PM.
  1. Questions:
  • Reporting verbs include “asked,” “inquired,” or “wanted to know.”
  • Yes/No Questions require the use of “if” or “whether.”
  • Example:
    • Direct: “Do you like coffee?” he asked.
    • Reported: He asked if I liked coffee.
  1. Commands and Requests:
  • Use verbs like “told,” “ordered,” or “asked” followed by an infinitive.
  • Example:
    • Direct: “Close the door,” she said.
    • Reported: She told me to close the door.

Exceptions and Special Cases

  1. No Tense Change:
  • When reporting general truths, habitual actions, or if the reporting verb is in the present, the tense does not change.
  • Example:
    • Direct: “Water boils at 100°C,” the teacher said.
    • Reported: The teacher said (that) water boils at 100°C.
  1. Modals:
  • Will changes to would, can to could, may to might.
  • Example:
    • Direct: “I will call you tomorrow,” he said.
    • Reported: He said (that) he would call me the next day.
  1. Expressions of Time and Place:
  • Example:
    • Direct: “I saw her yesterday,” he said.
    • Reported: He said (that) he had seen her the day before.

Practice Exercises

To reinforce understanding, users can practice converting direct speech to reported speech and vice versa. These exercises can include multiple sentences and varied contexts, helping learners become more comfortable with the transformation process.

Here’s a wide range of examples of reported speech to cover different types of sentences, including statements, questions, commands, and requests:

Examples of Reported Speech

Statements

  1. Direct: “I am tired,” he said.
    Reported: He said (that) he was tired.
  2. Direct: “She works at a bank,” John said.
    Reported: John said (that) she worked at a bank.
  3. Direct: “We are going to the park,” they said.
    Reported: They said (that) they were going to the park.
  4. Direct: “I have finished my homework,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) she had finished her homework.
  5. Direct: “I will call you later,” he said.
    Reported: He said (that) he would call me later.
  6. Direct: “We visited the museum yesterday,” they said.
    Reported: They said (that) they had visited the museum the day before.
  7. Direct: “I can swim very well,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) she could swim very well.
  8. Direct: “He was reading a book,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) he had been reading a book.
  9. Direct: “We must leave now,” he said.
    Reported: He said (that) they had to leave then.
  10. Direct: “I may attend the meeting,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) she might attend the meeting.

Questions

  1. Direct: “Where are you going?” she asked.
    Reported: She asked where I was going.
  2. Direct: “What time does the train leave?” he asked.
    Reported: He asked what time the train left.
  3. Direct: “Are you coming to the party?” she asked.
    Reported: She asked if I was coming to the party.
  4. Direct: “Did you see the movie?” he asked.
    Reported: He asked if I had seen the movie.
  5. Direct: “Why are you late?” the teacher asked.
    Reported: The teacher asked why I was late.
  6. Direct: “Can you help me?” he asked.
    Reported: He asked if I could help him.
  7. Direct: “Have you finished the report?” she asked.
    Reported: She asked if I had finished the report.
  8. Direct: “Is it raining outside?” he asked.
    Reported: He asked if it was raining outside.
  9. Direct: “Where did you buy that dress?” she asked.
    Reported: She asked where I had bought that dress.
  10. Direct: “Do you like chocolate?” she asked.
    Reported: She asked if I liked chocolate.

Commands and Requests

  1. Direct: “Please close the door,” he said.
    Reported: He asked me to close the door.
  2. Direct: “Sit down,” the teacher said.
    Reported: The teacher told us to sit down.
  3. Direct: “Don’t be late,” she said.
    Reported: She told him not to be late.
  4. Direct: “Call me when you arrive,” he said.
    Reported: He told me to call him when I arrived.
  5. Direct: “Turn off the lights before you leave,” she said.
    Reported: She told me to turn off the lights before I left.
  6. Direct: “Don’t forget your umbrella,” he said.
    Reported: He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
  7. Direct: “Please help me with this task,” she said.
    Reported: She asked me to help her with the task.
  8. Direct: “Finish your homework before dinner,” his mother said.
    Reported: His mother told him to finish his homework before dinner.
  9. Direct: “Don’t talk during the movie,” the usher said.
    Reported: The usher told us not to talk during the movie.
  10. Direct: “Please be quiet,” the librarian said.
    Reported: The librarian asked us to be quiet.

Advanced Examples

  1. Direct: “I might go to Paris next year,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) she might go to Paris the following year.
  2. Direct: “You should see a doctor,” he said.
    Reported: He advised me to see a doctor.
  3. Direct: “I could have been a doctor,” he said.
    Reported: He said (that) he could have been a doctor.
  4. Direct: “We had already eaten when he arrived,” she said.
    Reported: She said (that) they had already eaten when he arrived.
  5. Direct: “I must finish this report today,” he said.
    Reported: He said (that) he had to finish the report that day.

Conclusion

Understanding reported speech is crucial for clear and effective communication, especially in formal or academic writing. By mastering the rules and practicing regularly, you can confidently convey information in both direct and indirect forms.

We hope this information has been valuable to you. If so, please consider a monetary donation to Lifestyle Training Centre via UPI. Your support is greatly appreciated.

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Duolingo – image description – Tiger Speaking

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Speaking Test

Describe the Image

Description of the Image
Your speech transcript will appear here…
Time: 01:30
Words Spoken: 0
Minimum Words Required: 30

Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre

This breathtaking image captures a moment of awe-inspiring beauty as a magnificent tiger reclines gracefully on a verdant green meadow. The tiger, adorned in a striking pattern of bold black stripes against its vibrant orange fur, stands as a symbol of both strength and elegance in the wild. Its presence is commanding yet tranquil, with keen eyes that seem to hold a timeless wisdom and front paws delicately tucked beneath its powerful frame.

Nestled under the gentle shade of a nearby tree, the tiger blends effortlessly into its serene surroundings. The dappled sunlight filtering through the leaves creates a mesmerizing play of light and shadow, casting a natural spotlight on the tiger’s majestic form. Each detail, from the subtle curve of its whiskers to the texture of its fur, speaks volumes about the resilience and grace of this apex predator.

As we behold this scene, we’re invited to marvel at the tiger’s beauty and inherent connection to the wild. It’s a moment that evokes a deep sense of wonder and respect for the delicate balance of nature, where such magnificent creatures roam freely and inspire awe in their every movement.

List of vocabulary used

  1. Breathtaking – inspiring awe or admiration.
  2. Awe-inspiring – causing a feeling of respect and amazement.
  3. Magnificent – extremely beautiful, elaborate, or impressive.
  4. Reclines – leans or lies back in a relaxed position.
  5. Verdant – green with grass or other rich vegetation.
  6. Adorned – decorated or added beauty to something.
  7. Striking – attracting attention by being unusual, remarkable, or eye-catching.
  8. Symbol – something that represents or stands for something else.
  9. Strength – the quality or state of being strong.
  10. Elegance – the quality of being graceful and stylish.
  11. Commanding – possessing control or authority.
  12. Tranquil – peaceful, calm, or serene.
  13. Keen – sharp or highly developed (especially referring to senses).
  14. Timeless – not affected by the passage of time; eternal.
  15. Wisdom – the ability to use knowledge and experience to make good decisions.
  16. Serene – calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
  17. Dappled – marked with spots or rounded patches of color.
  18. Mesmerizing – capturing someone’s complete attention; enchanting.
  19. Majestic – having or showing impressive beauty or dignity.
  20. Resilience – the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.
  21. Grace – smoothness and elegance of movement.
  22. Apex predator – a predator at the top of a food chain, with no natural predators.
  23. Marvel – to be filled with wonder or astonishment.
  24. Inherent – existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute.
  25. Delicate – very fine in texture or structure; easily broken or damaged.
  26. Balance – an even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady.
  27. Inspire – to fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something.
  28. Awe – a feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder.

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Duolingo – Image description

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Duolingo – Describe image – Tree (Speaking)

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Speaking Test

Describe the Image

Description of the Image
Your speech transcript will appear here…
Time: 01:30
Words Spoken: 0
Minimum Words Required: 30

Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre

The image beautifully narrates a serene and captivating scene. At its center stands a solitary tree, a testament to resilience and grace amidst a vast expanse of vibrant green pasture. Its branches, adorned with lush foliage, delicately capture the sun’s golden rays that filter through the expansive, open sky above. Soft, fluffy clouds lazily drift across the deep azure backdrop, adding a sense of movement and depth to the tableau.

This tranquil setting invites us to pause and immerse ourselves in the beauty of nature’s simplicity. The tree, with its intricate details and verdant canopy, becomes a focal point of quiet contemplation. Each leaf seems to whisper tales of seasons passed, while the gentle play of light and shadow creates a mesmerizing interplay of colors.

As we gaze upon this scene, we’re transported into a moment of profound connection with the natural world. It’s a reminder of the inherent beauty that surrounds us, urging us to appreciate the tranquility and harmony found in even the simplest of landscapes.

List of vocabulary used

  1. Narrates: Describes or tells a story.
  2. Serene: Calm and peaceful.
  3. Captivating: Attracting and holding interest or attention.
  4. Solitary: Existing alone; single.
  5. Tree: A tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood.
  6. Resilience: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.
  7. Grace: Elegance or beauty in movement or form.
  8. Vast: Very large in size or extent.
  9. Expanse: A wide and continuous area.
  10. Vibrant: Full of energy and life; bright and striking.
  11. Pasture: Land covered with grass and other plants suitable for grazing animals.
  12. Adorned: Decorated or embellished.
  13. Lush: Green and fertile, often referring to vegetation.
  14. Foliage: The leaves of a plant or tree.
  15. Delicately: In a manner that is fine or subtle.
  16. Golden Rays: Sunlight that has a warm, golden color.
  17. Filter: To pass through a medium, often affecting appearance.
  18. Expansive: Covering a wide area; extensive.
  19. Open Sky: The unobstructed sky visible without obstruction.
  20. Soft: Gentle or smooth in texture.
  21. Fluffy: Soft and airy in texture.
  22. Drift: To move slowly or lightly.
  23. Azure: A bright, clear blue color.
  24. Backdrop: The background against which something is viewed or photographed.
  25. Movement: The act of changing position or place.
  26. Depth: The quality of having a deep or profound appearance.
  27. Tableau: A striking or picturesque scene or arrangement.
  28. Tranquil: Calm and peaceful.
  29. Immerses: Engages deeply or fully.
  30. Beauty: The quality of being aesthetically pleasing.
  31. Simplicity: The quality of being uncomplicated or unadorned.
  32. Intricate: Very detailed or complex.
  33. Canopy: An overhead covering of branches and leaves.
  34. Focal Point: The central or most important element.
  35. Contemplation: Deep reflective thought.
  36. Leaf: The flat, green part of a plant or tree.
  37. Whisper: To speak softly or gently.
  38. Tales: Stories or narratives.
  39. Seasons: Divisions of the year marked by changes in weather and daylight.
  40. Play: The interaction or effect of light and shadow.
  41. Mesmerizing: Captivating or hypnotizing.
  42. Interplay: The way in which two or more things affect each other.
  43. Gaze: To look steadily or intently.
  44. Connection: A relationship or link.
  45. Profound: Deep or intense.
  46. Reminder: Something that brings attention to a fact or concept.
  47. Inherent: Existing as a natural or essential part.
  48. Harmony: A pleasing arrangement or balance.
  49. Landscapes: The visible features of an area of land.

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Duolingo – Image description

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Describe an image – Cyclist – Duolingo (Speaking)

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Speaking Test

Describe the Image

Description of the Image
Your speech transcript will appear here…
Time: 01:30
Words Spoken: 0
Minimum Words Required: 30

View model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre:

This image vividly showcases a cyclist in a striking mix of red, blue, and black sportswear, waiting on a scenic trail. The focus on the cyclist highlights his dynamic presence. His vibrant outfit suggests energy and vitality, while his helmet and sunglasses signal readiness for an adventure. His fit, fair-skinned appearance further emphasizes his preparedness for action.

The trail stretches into the distance, bordered by lush greenery that adds natural richness to the scene. The tranquil sky above enhances the calm and peaceful atmosphere, making the setting inviting. This combination of vibrant attire against a serene backdrop creates a compelling visual narrative. The image blends the cyclist’s dynamic presence with a serene environment, offering a picturesque moment of anticipation.

List of vocabulary and meaning:

  1. Showcases: Displays or presents something prominently.
  2. Striking: Attracting attention by being unusual or impressive.
  3. Mix: A combination of different elements.
  4. Sportswear: Clothing designed specifically for physical activities.
  5. Scenic: Offering beautiful or picturesque views.
  6. Highlights: Emphasizes or makes something stand out.
  7. Dynamic: Energetic and full of movement or activity.
  8. Vitality: The state of being strong and active; energy.
  9. Equipped: Provided with necessary items or tools.
  10. Helmet: A protective head covering.
  11. Sunglasses: Glasses tinted to protect the eyes from sunlight.
  12. Fit: In good physical condition.
  13. Fair-skinned: Having light-colored skin.
  14. Readiness: The state of being prepared for action.
  15. Trail: A path or route through a natural area.
  16. Stretches: Extends over a distance.
  17. Framed: Surrounded or bordered by something.
  18. Lush: Rich and abundant in vegetation.
  19. Greenery: Green plants or foliage.
  20. Tranquil: Calm and peaceful.
  21. Atmosphere: The feeling or mood of a place.
  22. Inviting: Attractive or appealing.
  23. Narrative: A story or description of events.
  24. Blends: Mixes together smoothly.
  25. Picturesque: Visually attractive, like a picture.

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Duolingo – Image description

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Describe an image – Cyclist (Duolingo) Typing

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Image Description Test

Describe the Image

Description of the Image
Time: 01:00
Words Typed: 0
Typing Speed: 0 words per minute
Minimum Words Required: 30

Model answer by Lifestyle Training Centre

This image showcases a cyclist in a vibrant mix of red, blue, and black sportswear waiting on a scenic trail. He wears a helmet and sunglasses, and his fit, fair-skinned appearance suggests he’s ready for action. The trail extends into the distance, bordered by lush greenery under a tranquil sky, creating a calm and inviting atmosphere.

List of vocabulary used:

  1. Showcases: Displays or presents something in a prominent or attractive way.
  2. Cyclist: A person who rides a bicycle.
  3. Vibrant: Full of energy and life; bright and striking in color.
  4. Sportswear: Clothing designed for sports and active wear.
  5. Scenic: Providing or relating to views of impressive or beautiful natural scenery.
  6. Helmet: A protective head covering typically worn while cycling or engaging in other physical activities.
  7. Sunglasses: Glasses tinted to protect the eyes from sunlight.
  8. Fit: In good health and physical shape.
  9. Fair-skinned: Having light-colored skin.
  10. Appearance: The way that someone or something looks.
  11. Ready: Fully prepared for action or use.
  12. Action: The process of doing something to achieve an aim.
  13. Extends: Reaches out over a certain area or distance.
  14. Distance: The amount of space between two points.
  15. Bordered: To be adjacent to or to form a boundary around something.
  16. Lush: Having abundant and luxuriant vegetation.
  17. Greenery: Green plants or foliage.
  18. Tranquil: Calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance.
  19. Calm: Peaceful, without strong emotion or agitation.
  20. Inviting: Attractive, appealing, or welcoming.
  21. Atmosphere: The surrounding mood or environment, often referring to the feeling or ambiance of a place.

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Interview vocabulary 01 – Level 6

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IELTS ACADEMIC READING IELTS GENERAL READING VOCABULARY COACH WRTING TASK 1 VOCAB IELTS AC WRITING TASK 1 IELTS GENERAL WRITING TASK 1 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 IELTS SPEAKING TASK 1 IELTS SPEAKING TASK 2 IELTS LISTENING TEST

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 1 B 

2 E 

3 E 

4 C 

5 D 

6 B 

7 IN EITHER ORDER A (and) B 

8 IN EITHER ORDER B (and) D 

9 FALSE 

10 TRUE 

11 FALSE 

12 NOT GIVEN 

13 TRUE 

14. TRUE 

15. FALSE 

16. TRUE 

17. TRUE 

18. NOT GIVEN 

19. FALSE 

20. (University) Halls of Residence 

21. 4 weeks //four weeks 

22. 10 to 15 // 10-15 // ten to fifteen 

23. (Waikato) Students’ Union 

24. (Waikato) river 25. picturesque 

26. (ongoing) travel (arrangements) 

27. C 

28. v 

29. vi 

30. vii 

31. iv 

32. D 

33. B 

34. B 

35. A 

36. D 

37. NO 

38. YES 

39. YES 

40. NOT GIVEN 

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IELTS ACADEMIC READING IELTS GENERAL READING VOCABULARY COACH WRTING TASK 1 VOCAB IELTS AC WRITING TASK 1 IELTS GENERAL WRITING TASK 1 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 IELTS SPEAKING TASK 1 IELTS SPEAKING TASK 2 IELTS LISTENING TEST

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